高效节能换热器在氮肥工业中的应用

描述了新型折流杆换热器的强化传热和降低壳层压力降的原理 ,它与传统折流板换热器相比 ,传热效率高 ,材料及能耗小。介绍了这种新型换热器在合成氨变换工段和尿素装置中的应用情况及所起的节能降耗作用 ,指出该高效节能换热器在设计和生产中的关键技术。     

多特征文本蕴涵识别研究

文本蕴涵识别是解决自然语言中存在的同义异形问题的有效途径。虽然国内外学者已经提出了很多文本蕴涵识别模型,但影响文本蕴涵识别的因素错综复杂,识别准确率普遍不高。该文把文本蕴涵识别看作二元分类问题,抽取词汇特征、句法依存关系特征及FrameNet语义知识库特征的多种特征构造特征矩阵,训练SVM分类器,实现文本蕴涵识别。该方法在国际文本蕴涵识别技术评测RTE3的测试集上进行测试,蕴涵正例识别准确率达到了78.1%,高于RTE3评测2-ways的最高结果。     

汉语框架网中未登录词元的框架选择

汉语框架网的低覆盖率导致汉语句子中存在许多未登录的词元,严重制约着汉语的框架语义分析任务。针对未登录词元的框架识别问题,该文借助同义词词林的词义信息,提出基于平均语义相似度计算及最大熵模型两种方法,采用静态特征与动态特征相结合的特征选择方法。实验证明,这两种方法都能有效地实现未登录词元的框架选择,基于相似度计算的方法(TOP-4)获得78.61%的准确率;基于最大熵的方法结果可达87.29%,同时在新闻语料上达到了75%的准确率。     

超滤膜等离子体改性分离大豆蛋白的研究

分别用氧气和氩气等离子体对醋酸纤维素超滤膜进行表面改性,用大豆分离蛋白溶液进行超滤实验,结果表明等离子体处理后膜的接触角变小,亲水性能大大增强,超滤过程可以在保持截留率不变的情况下使膜的透水率增大2～3倍,同时膜的抗污染性能增强。研究发现在相同的等离子体反应条件下,氩气的处理效果优于氧气。     

Influence of polymer on cement hydration in SBR-modified cement pastes

The influence of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex on cement hydrates Ca(OH)₂, ettringite, C₄AH₁₃ and C-S-H gel and the degree of cement hydration is studied by means of several measure methods. The results of DSC and XRD show that the Ca(OH)₂ content in wet-cured SBR-modified cement pastes increases with polymer-cement ratio (P/C) and reaches a maximum when P/C is 5%, 10% and 10% for the pastes hydrated for 3 d, 7 d and 28 d, respectively. With wet cure, appropriate addition of SBR promotes the hydration of cement, while the effect of SBR on the content of Ca(OH)₂ and the degree of cement hydration is not remarkable in mixed-cured SBR-modified cement pastes. XRD results illustrate that SBR accelerates the reaction of calcium aluminate with gypsum, and thus enhances the formation and stability of the ettringite and inhibits the formation of C₄AH₁₃. The structure of aluminum-oxide and silicon-oxide polyhedron is characterized by ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si solid state NMR spectrum method, which shows that tetrahedron and octahedron are the main forms of aluminum-oxide polyhedrons in SBR-modified cement pastes. There are only [SiO₄]⁴⁻ tetrahedron monomer and dimer in the modified pastes hydrated for 3 d, but there appears three-tetrahedron polymer in the modified pastes hydrated for 28 d. The effect of low SBR dosage on the structure of aluminum-oxide and silicon-oxide polyhedron is slight. However, the combination of Al³⁺ with [SiO₄]⁴⁻ is restrained when P/C is above 15%, and the structure of Al³⁺ is changed obviously. Meantime, the polymerization of the [SiO₄]⁴⁻ tetrahedron in C-S-H gel is controlled.     

The kinetics of B‐a and P‐a type copolybenzoxazine via the ring opening process

The structure of benzoxazines is similar to that of phenolic resin through thermal self‐curing of the heterocyclic ring opening reaction that neither requires catalyst nor releases any condensation byproduct. These polybenzoxazine resins have several outstanding properties such as high thermal stability and high glass transition temperature. To better understand the curing kinetics of this copolybenzoxazine thermosetting resin, dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry measurements were performed. Three models, the Kissinger method, the Flynn–Wall–Osawa method, and the Kamal method, were used to describe the curing process. Dynamic kinetic activation energies based on Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Osawa methods are 72.11 and 84.06 KJ/mol, respectively. The Kamal method based on an autocatalytic model results in a total order of reaction between 2.66 and 3.03, depending on curing temperature. Its activation energy and Arrhenius preexponential are 50.3 KJ/mol and 7959, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 730–737, 2005     

新建本科院校学报的科学定位与发展研究

新建本科院校学报存在定位不够科学、学术性不强、特色不突出和编辑队伍素质参差不齐等问题.进行科学的定位是新建本科院校学报可持续发展的前提.应根据校情和社会环境条件来对学报进行定位.在科学定位基础上,要坚持以作者为本,提高原创水平;以编辑为本,提高编辑质量;以读者为本,发挥社会效益.同时,要创新学报管理机制、选题策划和征稿机制,塑造学报特色,从而实现新建拳科院校学报的科学发展.     

板式空冷器导流板式液体分布器结构与流动规律研究

对导流板式液体分布装置的结构提出设计方法并进行了数学描述,推导得出了结构压降公式。采用CFX对该结构进行流场模拟,流场显示入口流体的分布。提出的结构设计方法和压降公式对于板式空冷器液体分布器的设计具有一定的理论指导意义。     

黑龙江省夏季旱涝灾害区划及对策研究

采用全省81个站夏季6-8月气温、降水资料,计算变异系数;进行正态化处理,计算Z指数。确定重旱轻旱？重涝轻涝和降水、温度指标,求出发生概率结果进行灾害3级区划,即重？中？轻区划。另外进行了全省主旱区和主涝区区划,并提出了7点对策。     

黑龙江省交通数字化中元数据创建问题研究

交通信息数据内容繁杂且数据量庞大,建立交通数据元数据是对其进行管理及共享的有效、可行的方法。通过对黑龙江省交通信息数据元数据的现状分析,对已有的元数据标准做必要的改进,重新建立黑龙江省交通信息基础元数据集,使黑龙江省交通信息基础元数据管理和应用更加科学、合理、规范。