含氯取代基的聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺的合成与表征

以 2 ,5 -二氯对苯二甲酰氯作为第三单体 ,将其与间苯二甲酰氯、间苯二胺在N ,N -二甲基乙酰胺中进行低温溶液共缩聚反应 ,合成了含氯取代基的聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺。研究了单体摩尔浓度、反应初始温度、叔胺添加剂种类、第三单体用量等对共聚物相对分子质量的影响 ,并用红外光谱、热重分析等方法对共聚物进行了表征。     

减压渣油与FCC油浆共炭化的化学组成变化

考察了齐鲁石化胜利炼油厂催化油浆（FCC）和胜利减压渣油（VR）在490℃，0.8MPa下不同混合比的原料和不同反应时间的中间产物的HS、TS、PS、P及其1h中间产物的HS和TS的^1H-NMR。数据结果反映了体系的反应速度。掺入FCC油浆抑制了VR的反应活性，降低了体系的反应速度，增加了基质的溶解度；1h中间产物的组成结构更接近于原料及反应体系的反应性和基质的溶解度；1h中间产物的芳香度越高，取代基越少，侧链越短，基质对VR中的活性反应组分在炭化早期生成的高度缩合物质的溶解度越大。     

Visual tracking in high-dimensional state space by appearance-guided particle filtering

In this paper, we propose a new approach, appearance-guided particle filtering (AGPF), for high degree-of-freedom visual tracking from an image sequence. This method adopts some known attractors in the state space and integrates both appearance and motion-transition information for visual tracking. A probability propagation model based on these two types of information is derived from a Bayesian formulation, and a particle filtering framework is developed to realize it. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for high degree-of-freedom visual tracking problems, such as articulated hand tracking and lip-contour tracking.     

Poly(butylene terephthalate)–clay nanocomposites prepared by melt intercalation: morphology and thermomechanical properties

Nanocomposites based on poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and an organoclay (Cloisite 30B) were prepared by melt blending using a twin‐screw extruder. Two kinds of PBTs, ie PBT‐A and PBT‐B, with different inherent viscosities (η_inh), were used for this study (η_inh of PBT‐A and PBT‐B were 0.74 and 1.48, respectively). Dispersion of the clay layers in the PBT nanocomposites was characterized by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile and dynamic mechanical properties and non‐isothermal crystallization temperatures of the nanocomposites were also examined. Nanocomposites based on the higher‐viscosity PBT (PBT‐B) showed a higher degree of exfoliation of the clay and a higher reinforcing effect when compared to the composites based on the lower‐viscosity PBT (PBT‐A). The clay nanolayers dispersed in PBT matrices lead to increases in the non‐isothermal crystallization temperatures of the PBTs, with such increases being more significant for the PBT‐B nanocomposites than for the PBT‐A nanoocomposites. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Morphology and properties of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐para‐phenylene vinylene]/silica nanoparticle hybrid films

Poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐para‐phenylene vinylene] (MEH‐PPV)/silica nanoparticle hybrid films were prepared and characterised. Three kinds of materials were compared: parent MEH‐PPV, MEH‐PPV/silica (hybrid A films), and MEH‐PPV/coupling agent MSMA/silica (hybrid B films), in which MSMA is 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate. It was found that the hybrid B films could significantly prevent macrophase separation, as evidenced by scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the thermal characteristics of the hybrid films were largely improved in comparison with the parent MEH‐PPV. The UV‐visible absorption spectra suggested that the incorporation of MSMA‐modified silica into MEH‐PPV could confine the polymer chain between nanoparticles and thus increase the conjugation length. The photoluminescence (PL) studies also indicated enhancement of the PL intensity and quantum efficiency by incorporating just 2 wt% of MSMA‐modified silica into MEH‐PPV. However, hybrid A films did not show such enhancement of optoelectronic properties as the hybrid B films. The present study suggests the importance of the interface between the luminescent organic polymers and the inorganic silica on morphology and optoelectronic properties. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Integration framework for intelligent manufacturing processes

In this article, we describe a new approach to applying distributed artificial intelligence techniques to manufacturing processes. The construction of intelligent systems is one of the most important techniques among artificial intelligence research. Our goal is to develop an integrated intelligent system for real time manufacturing processes. An integrated intelligent system is a large knowledge integration environment that consists of several symbolic reasoning systems (expert systems) and numerical computation packages. These software programs are controlled by a meta-system which manages the selection, operation and communication of these programs. A meta-system can be implemented in different language environments and applied to many disciplines. This new architecture can serve as a universal configuration to develop high performance intelligent systems for many complicated industrial applications in real world domains.To whom all correspondence should be addressed.     

Algebraic decoding of (103, 52, 19) and (113, 57, 15) quadratic residue codes

In this paper, two algebraic decoders for the (103, 52, 19) and (113, 57, 15) quadratic residue codes, which have lengths greater than 100, are presented. The results have been verified by software simulation that programs in C++ language have been executed to check possible error patterns of both quadratic residue codes.     

Model Validation for Bridge-Road-Vehicle Dynamic Interaction System

The dynamic response of highway bridges subjected to moving truckloads has been observed to be dependent on (1) dynamic characteristics of the bridge; (2) truck configuration, speed, and lane position on the bridge; and (3) road surface roughness profile of the bridge and its approach. Historically, truckloads were measured to determine the load spectra for girder bridges. However, truckload measurements are either made for a short period of time [for example, weigh-in-motion (WIM) data] or are statistically biased (for example, weigh stations) and cost prohibitive. The objective of this paper is to present results of a 3D computer-based model for the simulation of multiple trucks on girder bridges. The model is based on the grillage approach and is applied to four steel girder bridges tested under normal truck traffic. Actual truckload data collected using a discrete bridge WIM system are used in the model. The data include axle loads, truck gross weight, axle configuration, and statistical data on multiple presence (side by side or following). The results are presented as a function of the static and dynamic stresses in each girder and compared with code provisions for dynamic load factor. The study provides an alternate method for the development of live-load models for bridge design and evaluation.     

Effects of Na, Cu, Ni and Co Modifications on the Activity and Characteristics of Rh/Al2O3 Catalysts for NO Reduction

This study used different metals to modify Rh/Al₂O₃ catalysts for NO reduction in a simulated waste incineration flue gas containing 6% O₂. The characteristics of the modified catalysts were analyzed using BET, TEM and XRD. The results of the experiment reveal that Na addition can significantly affect the properties of Rh/Al₂O₃ catalysts on the BET surface area and Rh metal dispersion. Furthermore, Na addition was found to significantly enhance the NO conversion of Rh/Al₂O₃ at 250–350 °C. On the contrary, Cu, Ni, and Co addition was found to have slight suppression effects.