退火对Inconel718合金氢脆特性的影响

通过实施不同的退火热处理工艺，调整合金中强化相的析出状态，制备具有不同退火状态的几组拉伸试样。对每组试样在未充氢和充氢后按相同的条件进行拉伸试验对该组试样的脆化作用。通过比较不同组试样的脆化表现通过比较未充氢试样和充氢后试样的强度和塑性，评价氢考察退火状态对Inconel 718氢脆倾向的影响。试验结果表明，随着退火程度的加强，强化相体积分数减少，氢引起的塑性损失下降，即抗氢脆性能改善。该结果说明，强化相γ″和γ′对Inconel 718合金的氢脆有促进作用。因此，根据不同工业应用要求，在符合强度要求的前提下，可以通过热处理改善零件的抗氢脆性能。     

Substituent effects on the photofading of disperse azo dyes on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate

The relationships between the chemical structures and oxidative fading of the disperse azo dyes, p‐nitrophenylazo‐ and benzothiazoleazo‐anilines, on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate are discussed in terms of the parameters k_0,i (rate constants of reaction towards ¹O₂) and f_i (photosensitivity), the molecular parameters of molecular orbital theory and substituents in the diazo and coupling components, on the assumption that the initial rates of oxidative fading are proportional to the product of k_0,i and f_i. 2‐Methoxy‐5‐acetylamino‐N‐substituted aniline couplers exhibited large f_i values. 2‐Chloro and 4‐nitro substituents of aniline diazo components exhibited small f_i values or high quantum yields of internal conversion, while 4‐nitro substituent did not. A close correlation between N‐substituents and light fastness, proposed by Müller and supplemented by Dawson, demonstrates the applicability of frontier orbital theory, through the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of the dyes, to the analysis of oxidative fading. Dyes with N‐2‐cyanoethyl substituents, which gave a lower HOMO energy, also exhibited superior light fastness compared with N‐2‐hydroxyethyl substituents.     

Deposition and characterization of diamond coatings on WC-Co cutting tools with W/Al interlayer

A new double interlayer W/Al was developed for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond coatings on cemented WC-Co cutting tools to enhance diamond nucleation and adhesion. A thin layer of Al directly deposited on WC-Co is used to suppress the interfacial graphitization induced by Co and an additional thin layer of W is used to enhance diamond nucleation. The microstructure and adhesion of diamond coatings grown on the W/Al/WC-Co and, for comparison, on W/WC-Co as well as bare WC-Co were investigated. The results demonstrate that diamond coatings grown on W/Al are continuous and well adhesive. The advantage of the interlayer includes that nano-crystalline diamond can be achieved even under typical microcrystalline diamond growth conditions. In addition, the W/Al interlayer of overall 50–65 nm thickness would cause marginal lost of cutting edge sharpness and mechanical integrity of coated cutting tools.     

Chemical Modification of Phage-Displayed Helix-Loop-Helix Peptides to Construct Kinase-Focused Libraries

Conformationally constrained peptides hold promise as molecular tools in chemical biology and as a new modality in drug discovery. The construction and screening of a target-focused library could be a promising approach for the generation of de novo ligands or inhibitors against target proteins. Here, we have prepared a protein kinase-focused library by chemically modifying helix-loop-helix (HLH) peptides displayed on phage and subsequently tethered to adenosine. The library was screened against aurora kinase A (AurA). The selected HLH peptide Bip - 3 retained the α-helical structure and bound to AurA with a K_D value of 13.7 μM. Bip - 3 and the adenosine-tethered peptide Bip - 3 - Adc provided IC₅₀ values of 103 μM and 7.7 μM, respectively, suggesting that Bip - 3 - Adc bivalently inhibited AurA. In addition, the selectivity of Bip - 3 - Adc to several protein kinases was tested, and was highest against AurA. These results demonstrate that chemical modification can enable the construction of a kinase-focused library of phage-displayed HLH peptides.     

Nonlinear dielectric response and positive dielectric tunability in antipolar CaTiSiO5

Dielectric tunability has been extensively investigated in ferroelectric materials, which exhibit a negative tunability of dielectric permittivity in an external electric field. In contrast, positive tunability is rare and has been reported only in a few antiferroelectric materials. We present positive (and negative) tunability in the titanite, CaTiSiO₅. The dielectric property of CaTiSiO₅ was measured up to an extraordinarily high electric field of 40 MV/m. A nonlinear polarization field loop with no hysteresis was obtained. The dielectric permittivity of ε_r ~ 25 increases up to ε_r ~ 40 at 20 MV/m and room temperature. Although titanite has an antipolar structure and is expected to be “antiferroelectric,” its dielectric response in high electric fields up to ~40 MV/m differs from that of conventional antiferroelectrics. We demonstrate that the phase-transition temperature and dielectric tunability could be modulated through the chemical substitution of Ca_1−xLa_xTiSi_1−xAl_xO₅, in which the destabilization of the long-range antipolar order is revealed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. These results indicate that the observed dielectric response to an electric field may originate from the unique features of the antipolar and domain structures in CaTiSiO₅.     

MiR-10a in Pancreatic Juice as a Biomarker for Invasive Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm by miRNA Sequencing

New biomarkers are needed to further stratify the risk of malignancy in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are expected to be stable biomarkers, they can vary owing to a lack of definite internal controls. To identify universal biomarkers for invasive IPMN, we performed miRNA sequencing using tumor-normal paired samples. A total of 19 resected tissues and 13 pancreatic juice samples from 32 IPMN patients were analyzed for miRNA expression by next-generation sequencing with a two-step normalization of miRNA sequence data. The miRNAs involved in IPMN associated with invasive carcinoma were identified from this tissue analysis and further verified with the pancreatic juice samples. From the tumor-normal paired tissue analysis of the expression levels of 2792 miRNAs, 20 upregulated and 17 downregulated miRNAs were identified. In IPMN associated with invasive carcinoma (INV), miR-10a-5p and miR-221-3p were upregulated and miR-148a-3p was downregulated when compared with noninvasive IPMN. When these findings were further validated with pancreatic juice samples, miR-10a-5p was found to be elevated in INV (p = 0.002). Therefore, three differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in tissues with INV, and the expression of miR-10a-5p was also elevated in pancreatic juice samples with INV. MiR-10a-5p is a promising additional biomarker for invasive IPMN.     

Study on high performance evaporator with micro‐grooves (Measurement of capillary force in a single groove and modeling of heat and mass transfer)

A micro‐grooved evaporator is composed of µm‐wide grooves on a heat transfer plate in which the inter‐line regions at the liquid–vapor meniscus of coolant become identifiable. The high‐heat performance of the evaporator is realized by this inter‐line region (ILR) where the liquid thin film reduces the thermal resistance on the heat transfer surface. In this report, we propose a numerical simulation model of heat and mass transfer in a single groove to predict its capillary force and heat flux. The capillary force performance (capillary‐rise length in a groove) of a single groove was measured for samples of varying width, superheat, and inclination. The performance was found to be a maximum at a specific groove width of 200–400 µm, which is in good agreement with the predicted results calculated by the proposed model. For a better prediction of capillary‐rise length, the effective capillary force and the effective flow resistance were considered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20257     

Transverse surface waves in a piezoelectric material carrying a gradient metal layer of finite thickness

The existence and propagation behavior of transverse surface waves in a layered structure concerning a piezoelectric substrate and a gradient metal layer are theoretically investigated in this paper. The Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method is applied to obtain the analytical solutions in the gradient metal layer. The dispersion equation for transverse surface waves in such structure is obtained in a quite simple mathematical form, where the material gradient of the metal layer assumes arbitrary functions. Effects of material gradient on three types of dispersion behavior are discussed in detail based on a proper classification. Numerical results show that the material gradient in the metal layer evidently affects the fundamental mode shape of the transverse surface waves but has negligible effects on the higher order modes.     

Mesophase structure discovered through in-situ X-ray measurement in drawing process of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) fiber

The structure development in the continuous laser-heated drawing process of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) (PEN) fiber was analyzed by in-situ X-ray diffraction measurement. Because of the rapid and uniform laser heating, and the resultant steady-state nature of the necking-drawing, the structure development after the on-set of necking could be measured in the time resolution of several hundred microseconds. We found for the first time the temporal appearance of meridional (001′) diffraction at several milliseconds after the on-set of necking indicating that the mesophase structure similar to the one reported for poly(ethylene terephthalate) was also formed in the initial stage of fiber structure development of PEN. The d-spacing of the (001′) diffraction 1.230 ± 0.003 nm was shorter than the c-axis lengths of both α and β crystals.     

An Experimental Study of a Cooperative Positioning System

Several position identification methods are being used for mobile robots. Dead reckoning is a popular method but due to the error accumulation from wheel slippage, its reliability is low for measurement of long distances especially on uneven surfaces. Another popular method is the landmark method, which estimates current position relative to known landmarks, but the landmark method's limitation is that it cannot be used in an uncharted environment. Thus, this paper proposes a new method called Cooperative Positioning System (CPS) that is able to overcome these shortcomings. The main concept of CPS is to divide the robots into two groups, A and B where group A remains stationary and acts as a landmark while group B moves and then group B stops and acts as a landmark for group A. This process is repeated until the target position is reached. Compared with dead reckoning, CPS has a far lower accumulation of positioning errors, and can also work in three dimensions. Furthermore, CPS employs inherent landmarks and therefore can be used in uncharted environments unlike the landmark method. In this paper, we introduce the basic concept of CPS and its positioning principle. Next, we outline a second prototype CPS machine model (CPS-II) and discuss the method of position estimation using the variance of positioning error and weighted least squares method. Position identification experiments using the CPS-II model give a positioning accuracy of 0.12% for position and 0.32 degree for attitude after the robots traveled a distance of 21.5 m.