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101.
The effect of the addition of certain low molecular weight compounds to highly crosslinked epoxy resins was investigated. The behavior which is known as antiplasticization, such as increases in modulus and yield strength and the elimination of β-transition, was observed in the highly crosslinked system as well as in the reported cases of thermoplastics—poly(vinyl chloride), bisphenol A polycarbonate, and polysulfone. Chlorinated biphenyl was found to be one of the most effective antiplasticizers examined in the present paper. However, the remarkable reduction in compressive strain at break and impact strength was not recognized for the highly antiplasticized samples. These phenomena have been interpreted on the basis of free volume concept. 相似文献
102.
Piao Y Yamashita M Kawaraichi N Asegawa R Ono H Murooka Y 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2004,98(3):167-173
Since the chemical synthesis of vitamin B12 requires more than 70 steps, the production of vitamin B12 has been achieved by microorganism fermentation with additional brief chemical modifications. In an effort to increase the productivity of vitamin B12, we tried to express 10 genes belonging to the hem, cob and cbi gene families involved in the synthesis of vitamin B12 in Propionibacterium freudenreichii, which is a known producer of vitamin B12. In a recombinant P. freudenreichii clone that harbored the expression vector containing a cobA, cbiLF, or cbiEGH, we obtained an increase in vitamin B12 production of 1.7-, 1.9-, and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than that in the microorganism without any cloned genes in the expression vector pPK705. The cobU and cobS genes caused a slight increase in the production of vitamin B12. Furthermore, we achieved multigene expression in P. freudenreichii. In a recombinant P. freudenreichii clone that harbored an exogenous gene, hemA, from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and endogenous hemB and cobA genes, we successfully achieved the production of about 1.7 mg/l vitamin B12, 2.2-fold higher than that produced by P. freudenreichii harboring pPK705. 相似文献
103.
The scattering and mode conversion of guided modes caused by a cylindrical scatterer of arbitrary cross section embedded in, or placed on, a dielectric slab waveguide are investigated theoretically. The method employed for the analysis is the surface current integral equation technique. The total scattered power, mode-conversion coefficients, and scattering patterns for the typical numerical examples are shown. 相似文献
104.
Electron microscopic in situ hybridization (EM-ISH) is a useful method in determining the localization of a specific nucleic acid at the ultrastructural level. Since the EM-ISH protocol includes many steps, no standard protocol for EM-ISH is available yet. In this study, we optimized quantitatively the critical conditions with respect to embedding resin, nucleic acid labeling and hybridization reaction time, by using adenovirus-infected cells as the indicator cells. The optimal detection of an adenovirus-specific nucleic acid was obtained by overnight hybridization reaction on sections embedded in Lowicryl K4M resin. Random-primed-labeled probes improved the reactivity. At least 60% of virus particles in paracrystalline arrays was found to contain viral DNA. These arrays in adenovirus-infected cells are useful in evaluating quantitatively the efficiency of protocols of EM-ISH. 相似文献
105.
A. Idesaki M. Narisawa K. Okamura M. Sugimoto Y. Morita T. Seguchi M. Itoh 《Journal of Materials Science》2001,36(2):357-362
A fine SiC fiber is synthesized from a polymer blend of polycarbosilane (PCS) and polyvinylsilane (PVS) with electron beam curing under vacuum. The obtained SiC fiber from the PCS-PVS blend polymer has smaller average diameter of 8.5 m than that of 11.8 m from PCS, and shows higher average tensile strength of 3.2 GPa than that of 2.8 GPa from PCS after heat treatment at 1673 K in Ar gas atmosphere. However, the SiC fiber from the polymer blend decreases in tensile strength after heat treatment above 1773 K due to -SiC crystal growth near the fiber surface, because of a small amount of oxygen incorporated in the fiber. 相似文献
106.
Ryo Toda Yuki Matsushita Mitsunori Hieda Taku Matsushita Nobuo Wada 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2007,148(5-6):785-790
We have measured the heat capacity of 3He adsorbed on three-dimensionally connected nanopores, 2.7 nm in diameter, preplated with about 1.3 atomic layers of 4He. At low coverages of 3He, the 3He heat capacity is roughly constant at the measured temperatures between 0.1 and 1 K. Its molar heat capacity is on the order
of the gas constant R, between 1.1R and 1.8R. This suggests a Boltzmann gas state of the adsorbed 3He. At high coverages, the heat capacity is likely approaching linear in T at low temperatures, which suggests a degenerate state at further lower temperatures. 相似文献
107.
Takashi Kojima Yasuki Mori Masahiro Kamiya Ryo Sasai Hideaki Itoh 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(15):6056-6061
Capability of the recycling of high strength and high fracture toughness yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline
(Y-TZP) sintered body utilizing “low-temperature annealing degradation” phenomenon was investigated. Hydrothermal treatment
was employed to induce the phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic zirconia and to disintegrate the Y-TZP sintered
body. 3 mol% Y2O3–ZrO2 specimens sintered at 1,550 °C and more were disintegrated without leaving the original appearances when the treatment temperature
was between 200 °C and 400 °C. The size of the disintegrated fragments of Y-TZP sintered body was much affected by hydrothermal
treatment conditions. Only with hydrothermal treatment and simple ball milling, the sintered body was pulverized into the
primary particle level. This technique is expected to apply to a sustainable recycling system for the zirconia ceramics, which
restrains an energy consumption compared to crushing zirconia using mechanical procedures. 相似文献
108.
K. Matsuda Y. Yamaguchi N. Morita T. Matsunobe M. Yoshikawa 《Thin solid films》2007,515(17):6682-6685
We have measured Raman and Electron-spin resonance (ESR) spectra of fluorine-doped SiO2 films deposited by two different methods. In high-density plasma (HDP) films, the Raman band at about 490 cm− 1 becomes drastically stronger as the F/Si ratio increases, whereas the Raman band from threefold ring defect is independent of the F/Si ratio. The unusual increase of the intensity of the 490 cm− 1 band in HDP films has been interpreted in terms of the existence of Si-Si clusters. From a comparison between Raman spectra of HDP film and plasma chemical vapor deposition using tetraethoxysilane (p-TEOS) film with the same F/Si ratios it has been found that HDP film has more Si-Si bonds and threefold ring defects than p-TEOS film. Furthermore, the polarized Raman spectra in the 810 cm− 1 bands indicate that inhomogeneous SiO2 clusters of various sizes should exist in the network structure of HDP film. The result of the ESR measurement shows that HDP films have fewer dangling bonds than p-TEOS films. It is considered that many Si-Si clusters, threefold ring defects, and inhomogeneous SiO2 cluster sizes, and the few dangling bonds in HDP films give rise to the film properties of low stress, good adhesion with Si substrate, and low water permeation. 相似文献
109.
Thermal Degradation Under Pulse Operation in Low-Temperature p-Channel Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistors
Shinichiro Hashimoto Koji Kitajima Yukiharu Uraoka Takashi Fuyuki Yukihiro Morita 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》2007,54(2):297-300
We analyzed the heat generation of a low-temperature polycrystalline thin-film transistor in pulse operation and proposed a technique for accurately measuring its thermal temperature in high-frequency operation. From this measurement, we were able to calculate the time constants for heating and radiation for the first time. At a low frequency, the temperature difference between when the pulse was on and off was remarkable. As the frequency was increased, the maximum and minimum temperatures approached each other and became equal at a frequency of approximately 1 kHz. We also measured the degradation in pulse operation and discussed the relationship between the thermal temperature and the degradation in the pulse operation 相似文献
110.
Daikoku M. Morita I. Taga H. Tanaka H. Kawanishi T. Sakamoto T. Miyazaki T. Fujita T. 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》2007,25(1):139-145
In order to realize a future 100-Gb Ethernet (100 GbE) transport, 100-Gb/s transmission without 100-GHz-class electronics and optical time-division-multiplexing technique was demonstrated. By using a differential quadrature phase-shift-keying (DQPSK) modulation format and commercially available electronics, 2- and 50-km transmissions of 100-Gb/s signal were successfully achieved over a standard single mode fiber. The receiver sensitivity, chromatic dispersion, and differential group delay tolerances of 100-Gb/s DQPSK signal were also evaluated. Through these evaluations, the possibility of DQPSK modulation for future 100-GbE transport is verified 相似文献