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91.
A fully-dense Cu-75 vol pct ZrW2O8 metal matrix composite was fabricated by hot isostatic pressing of Cu-coated ZrW2O8 particles. A small amount of the high-pressure γ-ZrW2O8 phase was created during the cooldown and depressurization following densification; near complete transformation to γ-ZrW2O8 was achieved by subsequent cold isostatic pressing. The thermal expansion behavior of the composite between 25°C and 325°C
was altered by the cold isostatic pressing treatment, and also depended on the length of time that had passed between thermal
cycles. The measured thermal expansion coefficients within specific temperature ranges varied from −6·10−6 K−1 to far above the thermal expansion coefficient of the copper matrix. The complex temperature-dependent expansion/contraction
behavior could be justified by considering the evolution of phase transformations taking place in the ZrW2O8 phase, which were observed by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. 相似文献
92.
This paper considers the axisymmetric steady flow driven by exact counter rotation of two co-axial disks of finite radius.
At the edges of the rotating disks one of three conditions is (typically) imposed: (i) zero velocity, corresponding to a stationary,
impermeable, cylindrical shroud (ii) zero normal velocity and zero tangential fluid traction, corresponding to a (confined)
free surface and (iii) an edge constraint that is consistent with a similarity solution of von Kármán form. The similarity
solution is valid in an infinite geometry and possesses a pitchfork bifurcation that breaks the midplane symmetry at a critical
Reynolds number. In this paper, similar bifurcations of the global (finite-domain) flow are sought and comparisons are made
between the resulting bifurcation structure and that found for the similarity solution. The aim is to assess the validity
of the nonlinear similarity solutions in finite domains and to explore the sensitivity of the solution structure to edge conditions
that are implicitly neglected when assuming a self-similar flow. It is found that, whilst the symmetric similarity solution
can be quantitatively useful for a range of boundary conditions, the bifurcated structure of the finite-domain flow is rather
different for each boundary condition and bears little resemblance to the self-similar flow. 相似文献
93.
Solidification time and heat treatment are known to have a large effect on the microstructure of cast aluminum alloys. This
study was conducted to quantify how the fatigue properties of a 319-type aluminum alloy are affected by solidification time
and heat treatment. Both porosity-containing (non-hot isostatically pressed (HIP)) and porosity-free (HIP) samples in the
T6 (“peak aged”) or T7 (“overaged”) heattreated conditions were tested. As the solidification time increased, the average
initiating pore diameter increased and stress-controlled fatigue life decreased. Heat treatment was observed to have a large
effect on fatigue properties of the HIP samples. However, in the non-HIP fatigue samples, heat treatment did not significantly
change the fatigue life or fatigue strength of the cast 319-type alloy. The absence of an influence of heat treatment on fatigue
response is attributed to the predominance of the microporosity in fatigue crack initiation in cast aluminum. 相似文献
94.
Nicolas Clauvelin Basile Audoly Sébastien Neukirch 《Scientific Modeling and Simulation》2007,14(1):95-101
The DNA molecule is modeled as an elastic rod with bending and twisting rigidities, subjected to external tension and twist applied at one end, the other end being clamped. We study the plectonemic equilibrium of such a rod, taking into account the impenetrability constraint. Numerical solutions of this boundary value problem have previously shown that purely elastic models can reproduce the supercoiling response of the DNA molecule. Using a variational approach, we derive analytical formulae for the elastic response of the filament, and extend former numerical results. 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
We show new upper bounds for problems in the W-hierarchy of fixed-parameter complexity. A crucial ingredient of our proofs
is an extension to the W-RAM model, which permits more-powerful operations but remains equivalent to the original. We use
the extended model to give new upper bounds for Subsetsum, Maximum Irredundant Set, and various problems concerning intersection
of finite-state machines. 相似文献
98.
Daniel Meister 《Theory of Computing Systems》2007,41(2):257-289
A finite recurrent system over sets of natural numbers of dimension n is a pair composed of n n-ary functions over sets of
natural numbers and an n-tuple of singleton sets of natural numbers. Every function is applied to the entries of the tuple
and computes a set of natural numbers, that may also be empty. The results are composed into another tuple, and the process
is started anew. Thus, a finite recurrent system defines an infinite sequence of n-tuples containing sets of natural numbers.
The last entry of a generated n-tuple is called the output of a step, and the union of the output sets of all steps is the
set defined by the finite recurrent system. Membership problems ask whether a given number is in a specified output set or
in some output set. We study membership problems for special finite recurrent systems, whose functions are built from the
set operations union, intersection and complementation and the arithmetical operations addition and multiplication. Sum and
product of two sets of natural numbers are defined elementwise. We restrict the set of operations from which functions are
built and determine the impact on the complexity of the membership problems. We focus on PSPACE-decidable membership problems
and show completeness results for the complexity classes NL, NP and PSPACE. 相似文献
99.
Dynamic complexity investigates the required effort to maintain knowledge about a property of a structure under changing operations.
This article introduces a refined notion of dynamic problems which takes the initial structure into account. It develops the
basic structural complexity notions accordingly. It also shows that the dynamic version of the LOGCFL-complete problem D2LREACH(acyclic) can be maintained with first-order updates. 相似文献
100.
We consider the problem of scheduling jobs on related machines owned by selfish agents. We provide a 5-approximation deterministic
truthful mechanism, the first deterministic truthful result for the problem. Previously, Archer and Tardos showed a 2-approximation
randomized mechanism which is truthful in expectation only (a weaker notion of truthfulness). In case the number of machines
is constant, we provide a deterministic Fully Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme (FPTAS) and a suitable payment scheme that
yields a truthful mechanism for the problem. This result, which is based on converting FPTAS to monotone FPTAS, improves a
previous result of Auletta et al., who showed a (4 + ε)-approximation truthful mechanism. 相似文献