KINETICS OF ABSORPTION OF OXYGEN IN ALKALINE SOLUTIONS CONTAINING A QUINONE-TYPE COMPOUND

The rates of absorption of pure oxygen in alkaline aqueous solutions containing sodium salt of 1,4-naphthoquinone 2-sulfonic acid (NQS) as a catalyzer for the Takahax desulfurization process were measured at 25°C using a liquid jet column.

The kinetics of the absorption was examined based on the theory for gas absorption accompanied by an irreversible second order chemical reaction. The pH of the solution, that is, the concentration of hydroxyl ion plays an important role in a reaction of first order with respect to oxygen and to NQS. The reaction rate constant is directly proportional to pH in the range 9.8-11.5, for more alkaline solutions being found to be 4.5 × l0⁶L/mole ? s.     

处理水AGP值对受纳河流水质的影响

结合藻类增殖潜能试验(AGP试验)探讨了进行污水深度处理的必要性。试验结果表明,污水厂排水的AGP值在94～400mg/L,会导致受纳水体产生富营养化,因此需对污水进行深度处理以去除氮和磷,并加强对流域的水质管理。     

稻田花岗岩单轴拉伸强度和变形 各向异性特征

 为查明稻田花岗岩的强度及变形之各向异性特征,从同一个较大岩块试样的3个相互垂直的方向采制圆柱形拉伸试样,对此进行单轴拉伸实验。结果表明,稻田花岗岩的抗拉强度和变形常数随拉应力的作用方向不同而发生明显变化。在与rift面相垂直的方向拉伸时,其强度和弹性模量都明显小于其他方向。而且,实验结果也表明,抗压强度的各向异性程度比其他各种物性指标的各向异性程度都要大。此外,还设计了一个新的试件安装方式,能够在拉伸过程的任何一个中间阶段非破坏地取下试件以对其进行显微观察等。用此方法,成功地取下一个超过峰值强度且未完全拉断的试件,并切取内部的切片进行显微观察。结果表明,由拉伸所形成的花岗岩中的裂纹主要穿过矿物粒子内部,并不沿着粒子边界延伸。     

EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ORAL PERCEPTION ON TRANSIT SPEED AND PASSING TIME OF SEMILIQUID FOODS FROM THE MID-PHARYNX TO THE HYPOPHARYNX

The results of two sensory analyses, using healthy young individuals as assessors and semiliquid foods with markedly different physical properties as samples, were compared. One analysis required the assessors to perceive the food texture by oral perception alone and to use it as a basis for predicting the ease of swallowing of the bolus samples (i. e., the mobility of the samples through the pharynx) without actually swallowing the samples. The other analysis required the assessors to evaluate the mobility of the bolus samples through the pharynx, by actually swallowing them. Comparison of the results implied that human beings predict how easy it is to swallow a bolus (i. e., the mobility of the bolus through the pharynx) by perceiving in the oral cavity the texture of the food. Examinations were also made on the relationship between the evaluation of mobility of the bolus through the pharynx obtained by sensory analyses, and the transit speed and passing time of the bolus samples obtained by videomanofluorography. It was recognized that the front end speed was fast for semiliquid food samples that were soft and easy to swallow (and therefore easy to move through the pharynx), whereas the front end speed was slow for semiliquid food samples that were hard and difficult to swallow (and therefore perceived as being difficult to move through the pharynx.) These findings suggest that human beings' perception of the ease of swallowing of semiliquid food is closely related to the front end speed of the bolus. No significant difference was found among samples, either in the tail end speed of the bolus samples, or in the passing time from the front end to the tail end of the bolus samples. These results imply that, through some kind of swallowing efforts, healthy individuals are controlling the passing time through the pharynx of boluses with markedly diflerent physical properties, so that the time remains constant.