Formation of Defects in Glass Under Electron Bombardment

Needlelike crystals grew from a fragment of glass bombarded with intense electron beams in an electron microscope. This phenomenon was limited to glasses containing mobile atoms such as Na and Pb, to fresh surfaces, and to the part of the sample not coated with carbon film. When there was a relatively thick carbon film on the surface, prolonged electron bombardment caused the formation of bubbles within the fragments.     

日本"零排放住宅"

介绍日本零排放住宅这一日本最先进的能源与环境技术的展览性质住宅,指出通过节能、创能(新能源)、节约资源(环境技术)这三项技术的完美组合,可以使我们在拥有舒适生活的同时实现CO2减排量超出排放量的目标。     

筒形件强旋工艺参数对金属切向流动的影响

筒形件旋压过程中的扩径或缩径现象是影响旋压件内径精度的主要因素;它不仅使旋压件尺寸产生较大误差,而且赞成圆度和圆柱度误差。由于扩径或缩径现象是由材料的切向流动所引起的,研究旋压切向流动对改进工艺条件,控制工作质量有重大意义和实用价值。用弹塑性有限元模拟结果,分析了减薄率、进给比1旋轮工作角、毛坯壁厚、材料性能等因素对金属切向流动的影响,为实际生产中控制旋压件尺寸精度提供了理论依据。     

A Urinary Bladder Volume Measurement Circuit Using a Simplified Very Small Phase Difference Measurement Circuit

In order to implement the measurement and the evaluation of analog signals in high accuracy, to detect not only amplitude level but also phase information is necessary. For example, measurement of very small phase difference is desired in fields such as electric power and organism‐related. Particularly, in organism‐related field, impedance measurement is important and it is used to measure the urinary bladder volume, the respiratory volume, and so on. For these purposes, portable and real‐time measurement devices with small sized is suitable. In this paper, we propose the urinary bladder volume measurement circuit using a simplified very small phase difference measurement circuit. This circuit is able to infer the changes of urinary bladder volume by measuring bioimpedance and phase difference of urinary bladder noninvasively with four‐terminal method.     

磁声波对金属凝固组织的影响

提出了运用强磁场和交流电流的共同作用直接在金属液中产生声波（磁声波）的新方法，并研究了所生成的磁声波在细化合金凝固组织晶粒的效果，该方法可以从根本上解决机械声波无法在高温生产领域应用的难题，理论解析表明，运用交变电磁力在液体金属内生成的磁声波的强度和所施加的静磁场的磁感应强度和交流电流的电流密度的乘积成正比；电磁力的频率越大，生成的磁声波越接近于由机械振动产生的声波，实验中测定的磁声波压力和理论解析结果基本一致，这种方法产生的磁声波具有促进金属凝固组织晶粒细化的作用。     

Direct Generation of Internse Compression Waves in Molten Metals by Using a High Static Magnetic Field and Their Application

Compression waves propagating through molten metals are contributed to degassing accelerating reaction rate,removing exclusions from molten metals and refining solidifcation structures during metallurgical processing of materials,In the present study ,two electromagnetic methods are proposed to generate intense compression waves directly in liquid metals.One is the simultaneous imposition of a high frequency electrical current filed and a static magnetic field ;the other is that of a high frequency magnetic field and a static magnetic field ,A mathematical model based on compressible fluid dynamics and electromagnetic fileds theory has been developed to derive pressure distri-butions of the generated waves in a metal.It shows that the intensity of compression waves is proportional to that of the high frequency electromagnetic force,And the frequency is the same as that of the imposed electromagnetic force,On the basis of theoretical analyses ,pressure change in liquid gallium was examined by a pressure transducer under various conditions.The observed results approximately agreed with the predictions derived from the theoretical analyses and calculations.Moreover,the effect of the generated waves on improvement of solidification structures was also examined .It shows that the generated compression waves can refine solidification structures when they were applied to solidification process of Sn-Pb alloy ,This study indicates a new method to generate compression waves by imposing high frequency electromagnetic force locally on molten metals and this kind of compression waves can probably overcome the difficulties when waves are excited by mechanical vibration in high temperature environments.     

空调器室外机上下并联轴流风机系统的气动及声学特性

采用粒子图像测速技术和计算流体力学方法对空调器室外机上下并联轴流风机系统的气动和声学特性进行研究。研究发现,上下并联轴流风机系统的离散频率噪声的基频和高次谐波频率均不等于任何一个单体叶轮的基频及其高次谐波分量,而是正比于上下叶轮频率差的整数倍。上下叶轮间的流场干涉对于总声压级和噪声频谱特性均无明显影响。采用基于CFD的叶片尾缘涡脱落噪声预测方法计算的总声压级误差小于3 dBA,可满足工程应用要求。     

Direct Generation of Intense Compression Waves in Molten Metals by Using a High Static Magnetic Field and Their Application

Compression waves propagating through molten metals are contributed to degassing, accelerating reaction rate,removing exclusions from molten metals and refining solidification structures during metallurgical processing of materials. In the present study, two electromagnetic methods are proposed to generate intense compression wavesdirectly in liquid metals. One is the simultaneous imposition of a high frequency electrical current field and a staticmagnetic field; the other is that of a high frequency magnetic field and a static magnetic field. A mathematical modelbased on compressible fluid dynamics and electromagnetic fields theory has been developed to derive pressure distributions of the generated waves in a metal. It shows that the intensity of compression waves is proportional to thatof the high frequency electromagnetic force. And the frequency is the same as that of the imposed electromagneticforce. On the basis of theoretical analyses, pressure change in liquid gallium was examined by a pressure