Affinity of Direct Dyes for Cellulose Film

A fast spectrophotometric method of assessing the affinity of different substances for surfaces is proposed. The effect of the dyeing temperature and concentration of the dye bath components (electrolyte and dye) on the value of the affinity of direct dyes for cellulose fibres was investigated. The optimum values of the temperature and concentrations of dye and electrolyte with respect to the affinity of the dye for the fibre were found. A series of experiments to investigate the effect of enzymes and surfactant additives on the affinity of the dye for the fibre was conducted and the insignificant effect of these components on the dyeing process was demonstrated.__________Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 10–12, March–April, 2005.     

Study of a model cyclone

The layout of an experimental unit is given for determining the hydraulic resistance and efficiency η of a cyclone with a height to diameter ratio of 1.81. Equations are provided for calculating parameters ζ and η. It is demonstrated that experimental and calculated values are in good agreement.     

The unfalsified control concept and learning

Without a plant model or other prejudicial assumptions, a theory is developed for identifying control laws which are consistent with performance objectives and past experimental data-possibly before the control laws are ever inserted in the feedback loop. The theory complements model-based methods such as H^∞-robust control theory by providing a precise characterization of how the set of suitable controllers shrinks when new experimental data is found to be inconsistent with prior assumptions or earlier data. When implemented in real time, the result is an adaptive switching controller. An example is included     

Activated gas jet deposition

The goal of this work is the elaboration of the new method of Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition, when the activation of a precursor gas performs in a high speed jet, in which a hot-wire net is inserted. Oriented in a jet, transportation of a gas precursor adds new parameters to control a process of deposition. The first experiments were performed with the supersonic jet of C₂F₄, issued from the sonic nozzle after pyrolysis of the bulk Teflon in the high temperature reactor. The most interesting results are obtained by changing the net temperature. The film morphology is radically changed from separate fragments with micron characteristic sizes up to nanodisperse fractal-porous accretions.     

Foil-supported Rh/γ-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> and Pt/γ-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> catalysts for carbon dioxide methane reforming

Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ and Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts supported on a metal foil surface have been studied in the carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The stability and activity of platinum and rhodium catalysts with different compositions have been determined. The kinetic function parameters have been found by solving the inverse problem. It has been shown that the 0.06% rhodium catalyst is the most active; its activity is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of the nickel-chromium catalyst studied earlier.     

Use of a new component during formation of insoluble azo dyes on the surface of blended fabric

It was found that methyl phloroglucinol exhibits surface-active properties. The MPG adsorption isotherms can be assigned to class S-2 in the Giles classification. In adsorption of MPG, a bimolecular layer is formed. A principle was formulated for selecting the conditions for dyeing with insoluble azo dyes on textile materials made from a fibre blend where the colors have high strength indexes. It was shown that MPG, not previously used as an azotol in dyeing blended fabrics (wool + Nitron) by formation of insoluble azo dyes on the fibre, and this allows expanding the color range and improving the technology for dyeing textile materials.     

Photobook generation algorithms

Photobooks are comfortable and attractive solution for personal photo printing and storing. Photobook generation requires a lot of manual operations and takes a lot of time. Automation process will involve new users and allow making more photobooks. The algorithms should be quite fast, adjusted by user’s predilections and habits and ensure satisfied quality of work. We propose several adaptive photobook generation algorithms: photo quality recognition based on active learning, event-aware photo grouping, attractive photos selection, automatic photos layout through photobook pages, collage generation. We also suggest approaches to algorithms adjustment by user preferences on-the-fly.