中性蛋白酶水解豌豆蛋白水解条件的优化及水解产物乳化性的研究

以生产淀粉的副产物豌豆蛋白粉为原料,研究了中性蛋白酶酶解条件对豌豆蛋白乳化性的影响.首先通过单因素试验研究了加酶量、反应时间、底物浓度、反应温度、pH值对豌豆蛋白乳化活性和乳化稳定性的影响;在单因素试验的基础上设计响应面试验,研究各因素及其交互作用对豌豆蛋白乳化性的影响,优化出的最佳酶解条件为:加酶量0.13％、反应时间32.5 min、pH8.0、反应温度52.8℃,此时豌豆蛋白的乳化活性为35.82 m2/g,乳化稳定性为45.88 min,比改性前豌豆蛋白的乳化性有了明显提高.     

气体有效扩散系数的分形模型

多孔介质中杂乱无序的孔分布结构特性显示了多孔介质具有孔分形结构。气体扩散在孔道中的分形模型是建立在分形理论和气体扩散特点的基础上。在考虑孔的大小分布、连通性分布和2种气体扩散机理的影响下,推导出了气体有效扩散系数和结构参数的关系。从参数分析中,可以得出有效扩散系数与孔的面积分形维数、孔隙率、联通数、气体自由扩散路径、孔最大最小直径比值成正比,与孔道迂曲度、迂曲分形维数成反比。通过实验数据与模型预测值对比验证了分形模型的正确性。     

Flow Regime Maps for Flow of Liquid Through Downcomer in a Turbulent Bed Contactor

The provision of a downcomer to classical turbulent bed Contactor (TBC) increases the gas treating capacity of the equipment. When the downcomer is provided, it is expected that all the liquid passes through the downcomer only without any liquid flow through the distributor. In the present study, the operational regime for the flow of liquid only through the downcomer is experimentally evaluated for various geometric parameters and particle characteristics. It is observed that the preferred operational regime without dumping and weeping increases with an increase in Archimedes number and downcomer diameter, and decreases with an increase in static bed height and downcomer weir height. Correlations are proposed to satisfactorily predict experimentally observed operational regime.     

Desulfurization of digester gas: prediction of activated carbon bed performance at low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide

Three chemically modified/impregnated activated carbons (supplied by manufactures) were used for adsorption–catalytic removal of hydrogen sulfide from digester gas. The performance of samples was studied in dynamic conditions at 1000, 2000 and 5000 ppm of H₂S in digester gas. The results showed differences in the H₂S removal capacities related to the type of carbon and conditions of the experiment. A decrease in H₂S concentration resulted in an increase in a breakthrough capacity, which is linked to slow kinetics of oxidation process. No significant changes were observed when the oxygen content increased from 1 to 2% and the temperature from 38 to 60 °C. On the surface of carbons studied hydrogen sulfide was oxidized predominantly to sulfur, which was deposited in micropores, either on the walls or at the pore entrances. The capacities at low concentrations, 50 and 100 ppm, of H₂S were determined using an approach based on known theoretical solution of a dynamic model where the parameters of the model were determined from the experimental data at a high concentration of an adsorbate.     

氟硅共聚生胶的合成及结构分析

以1,3,5-三(3,3,3-三氟丙基)-1,3,5-三甲基环三硅氧烷(D3F)和六甲基环三硅氧烷为原料合成了高分子量的氟硅共聚生胶,研究了反应时间和反应温度对产物分子量的影响,以及单体投料比对共聚物链节含量的影响.通过红外光谱和核磁共振波谱对共聚生胶的结构进行了表征,并用乌氏黏度计测定了其分子量.结果表明,在D3F用...     

Nanoengineered biocomposite tricomponent polymer based matrices for bone tissue engineering

Nanoengineered biodegradable constructs based on synthetic and natural polymers enriched with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles have been found to mimic the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. The main objective of this study was to create biocomposite nanostructured scaffolds by incorporating collagen and HA nanoparticles into poly(L-lactic acid)-co-poly(?-caprolactone) by electrospinning. The fiber diameter of the composite PLCL/Col and PLCL/Col/HA fibers was smaller compared to PLCL. In vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds studied using human fetal osteoblasts and EDX analysis showed high deposition of calcium on PLCL/Col/HA. The results shows that PLCL/Col/HA nanofibrous constructs have huge potential as substrates for bone regeneration.     

Tensile ductility and necking in consolidated amorphous alumina

Oxide glass, one of the most transformative materials in the modern world, breaks easily under load due to its brittleness. Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we prepared amorphous alumina by consolidating glass nanoparticles at room temperature. We showed that consolidated amorphous alumina exhibits work hardening ability, hence deforms homogeneously and fractures via necking under tension, while amorphous alumina obtained from the traditional melt-quench process fractures catastrophically due to severe shear banding. This finding suggests that if processed properly, amorphous oxides could deform and fracture like ductile metals, which will significantly expand the applications of oxide glasses into new areas where load bearing or mechanical reliability is necessary.     

Highly efficient subnanometer Ru-based catalyst for ammonia synthesis via an associative mechanism

The industrial manufacture of ammonia (NH₃) using Fe-based catalyst works under rigorous conditions. For the goal of carbon-neutrality, it is highly desired to develop advanced catalyst for NH₃ synthesis at mild conditions to reduce energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. However, the main challenge of NH₃ synthesis at mild conditions lies in the dissociation of steady NN triple bond. In this work, we report the design of subnanometer Ru clusters (0.8 nm) anchored on the hollow N-doped carbon spheres catalyst (Ru-SNCs), which effectively promotes the NH₃ synthesis at mild conditions via an associative route. The NH₃ synthesis rate over Ru-SNCs (0.49% (mass) Ru) reaches up to 11.7 mmol NH₃·(g cat)^-1·h^-1 at 400 ℃ and 3 MPa, which is superior to that of 8.3 mmol NH₃·(g cat)^-1·h^-1 over Ru nanoparticle catalyst (1.20% (mass) Ru). Various characterizations show that the N₂H₄ species are the main intermediates for NH₃ synthesis on Ru-SNCs catalyst. It demonstrates that Ru-SNCs catalyst can follow an associative route for N₂ activation, which circumvents the direct dissociation of N₂ and results in highly efficient NH₃ synthesis at mild conditions.     

低氧条件下生物反硝化过程中N2O的产量

利用SBR反应器,控制曝气量为0.3 L·min-1,通过改变N2∶O2比例,调节反硝化过程中DO浓度,以连续投加乙醇作为反硝化碳源,考察了低氧条件下NO-3N反硝化过程及N2O的产量。结果表明,DO对反硝化菌的活性具有明显的抑制作用。DO由0增至0.7 mg·L-1,NO-3N还原速率由18.12 mg N·(g MLSS)-1·h-1降至11.37 mg N·( gMLSS)-1·h-1,系统N2O产量由0.23 mg·L-1增至1.74 mg·L-1。其原因为：(1)较高的NO-2N浓度导致系统反硝化速率降低,N2O积累并释放;（2）DO对N2O还原酶活性具有明显的抑制作用。降低缺氧-好氧生物脱氮过程中缺氧反应器内部DO含量,是减少生物脱氮过程中N2O产量的关键因素。     

ZSM-5 Supported Cobalt Catalyst for the Direct Production of Gasoline Range Hydrocarbons by Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

Abstract  

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction for the direct production of gasoline range hydrocarbons (C₅–C₉) from syngas was investigated on cobalt-based FTS catalyst supported on the ZSM-5 possessing a four different Si/Al ratio. The FTS catalysts were prepared by impregnation method using cobalt nitrate precursor in a slurry of ZSM-5, and they were characterized by surface area, XRD, H₂-TPR and NH₃-TPD. Cobalt supported catalyst on ZSM-5 having a low Si/Al ratio of 15 was found to be superior to the other catalysts in terms of better C₅–C₉ selectivity due to the formation of small cobalt particle and the presence of larger number of weak acidic sites. It also exhibited the highest catalytic activity because of the higher reducibility and the small cobalt particle size.