Self‐assembled centimetre‐sized rods obtained in the oxidation of o‐phenylenediamine and aniline

Morphologically well‐defined rods of approximately 1 cm in length are effectively and economically obtained by mixing ortho‐phenylenediamine (30 mmol L^?1) with ammonium persulfate (12.5 mmol L^?1) in an acidic solution (0.37 mol L^?1 HCl) at room temperature with and without the presence of 50 mmol L^?1 aniline. These self‐assembled, morphologically uniform products can be potentially scaled up and used as morphological templates to fabricate well‐defined structures of other materials such as conducting polymers. The products were characterized using Raman, UV‐visible, high‐resolution NMR (¹H and ¹³C) and mass spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Apart from certain differences in visual appearance and in X‐ray diffractograms, other analytical data suggest that there are no structural changes upon addition of aniline into the reaction mixture. NMR and mass spectra imply that all syntheses carried out either with or without aniline result in a mixture of two products, attributed to 2,3‐phenazinediamine and 3‐aminophenazin‐2‐ol. A formation mechanism based on hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking has been proposed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation of multiloop chemical dosage control strategies for total phosphorus removal of enhanced biological nutrient removal process

We developed several control algorithms and compare their control performances for controlling the total phosphorous (TP) concentration in wastewater treatment plant, which has strong influent disturbances and the disturbance effects should be removed while maintaining better effluent quality. An anaerobic - anoxic - oxic (AAO) process, which is a well-known advanced nutrient removal process, was selected as a case study, which is modeled with activated sludge model no. 2. Six control strategies for TP control with a polymer addition were implemented in AAO process and evaluated by the plant’s performance, where the costs of the dosed chemical were compared among the six controllers. The experimental work showed that the advanced control techniques with feedback, feedforward and feedratio controllers were able to control the TP concentration in the effluent, which must be less than 1.50 g P/m³ which is the legal limitation, while reducing the necessary chemical cost. The results showed that the best TP removal performance in the effluent TP removal could be achieved by advanced feedback controller with the tuned control parameters, which showed the best effluent quality and control performance index as well as the cheapest cost of chemical dosage among the six TP control strategies.     

Lipid peroxidative damage on Cisplatin exposure and alterations in antioxidant defense system in rat kidneys: a possible protective effect of selenium

Cisplatin (Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, CP) is an important chemotherapeutic agent, useful in the treatment of several cancers, but with several side effects such as nephrotoxicity. The present study investigated the possible protective effect of selenium (Se) against CP-induced oxidative stress in the rat kidneys. Male Wistar albino rats were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (7 mg CP/kg b.m., i.p.) and selenium (6 mg Se/kg b.m, as Na(2)SeO(3), i.p.), alone or in combination. The obtained results showed that CP increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations, suggesting the CP-induced oxidative stress, while Se treatment reversed this change to control values. Acute intoxication of rats with CP was followed by statistically significant decreased activity of antioxidant defense enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Treatment with Se reversed CP-induced alterations of antioxidant defense enzyme activities and significantly prevented the CP-induced kidney damage.     

生物可降解聚(己内酯-β-苹果酸内酯)两亲性高分子的合成及作为药物载体研究

以苹果酸内酯、ε-己内酯为单体,采用开环聚合方法合成生物可降解聚(乳酸-co-苹果酸内酯)(PMSL),将亲水链段PEG键合到聚(乳酸-co-苹果酸内酯)末端形成两亲性高分子(m PEG-PMSL),核磁氢谱(1H-NMR)表征目标分子。通过芘荧光探针法、动态光散射研究了两亲性高分子的自组装行为,MTT测试细胞毒性,激光共聚焦表征胶束入胞能力。结果表明,成功合成了生物可降解两亲性高分子,且能自组装成结构均匀的球形纳米胶束,对疏水药物具有较好的负载能力,同时显示良好的细胞相容性,载药胶束能快速的进入细胞。因此,该生物可降解聚合物胶束有可能成为一种优异抗肿瘤药物载体。     

铅锌尾矿基生态型超高性能混凝土的设计理念和性能研究

基于颗粒紧密堆积理论,采用修正的安德森安德烈森模型制备了铅锌尾矿基生态型的超高性能混凝土并对其性能进行研究.结果表明:铅锌尾矿的掺入会降低UHPC的工作性能和早期强度,但掺加尾矿的UHPC后期强度与基准组持平,使用40％铅锌尾矿取代水泥制备依然能够制备出自密实的28 d强度超过130 MPa的UHPC.XRD和TG分析结果表明掺加铅锌尾矿能降低水化产物的氢氧化钙含量,这可能是因为尾矿中含有部分的活性二氧化硅,表现出潜在的火山灰活性.重金属离子浸出毒性结果也表明UHPC可以作为固结铅锌尾矿中的重金属离子的载体.     

Transport phenomena in the electrodeionization of cesium from AMP-PAN

Electrodeionization (EDI) of cesium from cesium-sorbed ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) was investigated by passing eluant through the packed bed of ion-exchange resin in an electrodialysis cell. The deionized cesium from the packed bed was recovered in catholyte by migration and in the eluant by convection. Recovery percentage of Cs by migration increased while the recovery by convection decreased with increase in current density from 20 to 40 mA/cm². Increased eluant concentration resulted in low migration percentage of cesium. Increased catholyte concentration had a negligible effect on total recovery. Apparent diffusion coefficients evaluated using the Nernst–Plank relation increased with increase in current density and catholyte concentration while a decreasing trend was observed with increase in eluant concentration.     

Microencapsulation of hazelnut oil through spray drying

This study was performed to investigate the influence of air inlet temperature (AIT) on the microencapsulation of hazelnut oil by spray drying. Encapsulated powders were analyzed for moisture content, powder yield, surface oil, encapsulation efficiency (EE), bulk density, and particle morphology. The obtained results demonstrated that moisture content, surface oil, and bulk density decreased by 37.8, 27.5, and 33%, respectively as AIT increased from 140 to 220°C. However, powder yield and encapsulation efficiency increased considerably with the rise in AIT. Higher EEs of about 75–80% were observed in this study.     

Confocal ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy: a new technique to explore nanoscale composites

This article is devoted to the exploration of the benefits of a new ultrafast confocal pump-probe technique, able to study the photophysics of different structured materials with nanoscale resolution. This tool offers many advantages over standard stationary microscopy techniques because it directly interrogates excited state dynamics in molecules, providing access to both radiative and non-radiative deactivation processes at a local scale. In this paper we present a few different examples of its application to organic semiconductor systems. The first two are focussed on the study of the photophysics of phase-separated polymer blends: (i) a blue-emitting polyfluorene (PFO) in an inert matrix of PMMA and (ii) an electron donor polythiophene (P3HT) mixed with an electron acceptor fullerene derivative (PCBM). The experimental results on these samples demonstrate the capability of the technique to unveil peculiar interfacial dynamics at the border region between phase-segregated domains, which would be otherwise averaged out using conventional pump-probe spectroscopy. The third example is the study of the photophysics of isolated mesoscopic crystals of the PCBM molecule. Our ultrafast microscope could evidence the presence of two distinctive regions within the crystals. In particular, we could pinpoint for the first time areas within the crystals showing photobleaching/stimulated emission signals from a charge-transfer state.     

超高压技术中药领域研究进展

超高压技术作为一种冷杀菌技术,因其不会改变食品,果汁原有的色泽,风味,防止果汁发生褐变,在食品领域得到了广泛的研究。近年来,大量学者尝试将该技术应用于中药领域,研究结果表明,超高压技术在中药灭菌,钝酶,促进溶出,提高提取率方面都有很好的效果。文章整理目前国内外超高压技术应用于中药的研究结果,为今后超高压技术在中药领域的应用提供理论基础。