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排序方式: 共有549条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
S. Ota N. YasudaL. Sihver S. KodairaM. Kurano S. NakaY. Ideguchi E.R. BentonN. Hasebe 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2011,269(12):1382-1388
The charge resolution (δZ) for heavy ions (nuclear charge: Z < 40) of 0.1-1 GeV/n energy in CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector (PNTD) and its dependence on etching time, and on projectile Z and energy were investigated and optimized as part of an effort to make precise measurements of projectile charge-changing cross sections. Two types of CR-39 PNTD, HARZLAS TD-1 and BARYOTRAK, were exposed to heavy ion beams with seven values of Z behind thick targets to produce projectile fragments. Following chemical etching (7 N NaOH at 70 °C) for varying etch times, δZ of the projectiles was determined for each detector type. A strong dependence of δZ on the amount of bulk etch (B) was seen. It was also observed that δZ can be remarkably improved with longer etching time as a function of B−1/2, in accordance with the trend seen in other types of track detector such as glass nuclear track detector. However, for B ? 60 μm (30 h etching), saturation occurs and there is no further improvement in δZ. Analysis of the correlations between projectile Z, energy, detector response, and fluctuation of the response make it possible to develop a model to predict the δZ for projectiles of given Z and energy. The predicted and measured values of δZ show good agreement within 10%. We conclude that 4 ? Z ? 30 at intermediate energy can be identified with good δZ in these detectors. The predictive model will be used in designing future cross section measurement experiments. 相似文献
102.
Hiroki Yoshioka Masaki Ota Yoshiyuki Sato Masaru Watanabe Hiroshi Inomata Richard L. Smith Jr. Cor J. Peters 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2011,57(1):265-272
Decomposition kinetics and recycle of hydrogen–tetrahydrofuran (H2–THF) clathrate hydrates were investigated with a pressure decay method at temperatures from 265.1 to 273.2 K, at initial pressures from 3.1 to 8.0 MPa, and at stoichiometric THF hydrate concentrations for particle sizes between 250 and 1000 μm. The decomposition was modeled as a two‐step process consisting of H2 diffusion in the hydrate phase and desorption from the hydrate cage. The adsorption process occurred at roughly two to three times faster than the desorption process, whereas the diffusion process during formation was slightly higher (ca. 20%) than that during decomposition. Successive formation and decomposition cycles showed that occupancy seemed to decrease only slightly with cycling and that there were no large changes in hydrate structure due to cycling. Results provide evidence that the formation and decomposition of H2 clathrate hydrates occur reversibly and that H2 clathrate hydrates can be recycled with pressure. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011 相似文献
103.
A significant increase in the melting temperature of knotted fibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was detected by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting peak partially returned to the original peak after the fibers were unknotted. Knotted PVDF fibers were observed with an optical microscope at crossed‐nicol conditions. The knotted portions of the fibers showed birefringence even above the melting temperature of the fibers before knotting. The dependence of the physical properties of PVDF under applied stress was estimated in order to investigate the influence of knotting. The fracture temperature of PVDF fibers increased with applied stress below 1 MPa and decreased above 10 MPa because the applied stress increased the melting temperature of PVDF crystals, but strong stress mechanically broke the fibers. The X‐ray diffraction patterns of the PVDF fibers under different stress were divided into the peaks of α‐ and β‐phase crystals and amorphous. The peak area of the β‐phase crystal increased and that of the amorphous decreased with applied stress. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 相似文献
104.
A Unique Approach to Characterization of Sol‐Gel‐Derived Rare‐Earth‐Doped Oxyfluoride Glass‐Ceramics
Go Kawamura Ryota Yoshimura Kazunari Ota Song‐Yul Oh Norio Hakiri Hiroyuki Muto Tomokatsu Hayakawa Atsunori Matsuda 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2013,96(2):476-480
Using the sol‐gel route Nd3+‐doped oxyfluoride glass‐ceramics were prepared. LiYF4 and YF3 crystals were deposited in the glass‐ceramics and their size, distribution, and amount ratio were varied by changing the compositions and heating temperatures. The incorporation of Nd3+ ions into both the fluoride crystals was confirmed by the high‐resolution elemental mapping of the glass‐ceramics. The incorporated Nd3+ ions showed up and down conversion photoluminescence whose properties were obviously different among the samples. The preliminary site analysis for Nd3+ ions was carried out using a unique approach associated with the Prony series approximation. Finally, the approach was found to be useful for the analysis of materials that are structurally complicating. 相似文献
105.
The laser trapping of untransmissive particles are discussed in this paper. Photon can generate the momentum to the untransmissive
particle by diffraction and reflection on the surface of the particles. We tried laser trapping of untransmissive particles
using an attractive force caused by the diffraction and radiation force caused by reflection. The laser trapping system includes
CW YAG laser, which has 1.064 μm in wave length and an optical microscope. The motions of particles were monitored by a CCD
camera on the top of the microscope and recorded by PC connected to the CCD camera. 相似文献
106.
Giuseppe Pezzotti Hans-Joachim Kleebe Kazuhiro Okamoto Ken'ichi Ota 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(10):2549-2555
Three high-purity SiAlON materials (Si6− z Al z O z N8− z , z = 1, 2, 3) were characterized with respect to both structure and viscous behavior of internal grain boundaries. Internal friction experiments provided a direct measure of the intrinsic viscosity of grain boundaries and concurrently revealed the occurrence of a grain-boundary interlocking mechanism that suppressed sliding. A residual glass phase (consisting of aluminum-rich SiO2 ) and nanometer-sized mullite residues were found at glassy triple-grain junctions of the z = 1 SiAlON. A low-melting intergranular phase dominated the high-temperature behavior of this material and caused grain-boundary sliding at temperatures as low as 1100°C. A quantitative analysis of the grain-boundary internal friction peak as a function of oscillation frequency indicated an intergranular film viscosity of log η∼ 7.5 Pa · s at 1100°C. Glass-free grain boundaries were a characteristic of SiAlON materials with z ≥ 2, which yielded a significant improvement in refractoriness as compared to the z = 1 SiAlON material. In these materials, relaxation resulting from grain-boundary sliding was suppressed, and the internal friction curve simply experienced an exponential-like increase. 相似文献
107.
Porous Titania Ceramic Prepared by Mimicking Silicified Wood 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Toshitaka Ota Masaki Imaeda Haruyuki Takase Mikihiro Kobayashi Noboru Kinoshita Tunehisa Hirashita Hidetoshi Miyazaki Yasuo Hikichi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(6):1521-1523
A porous titania ceramic with a woodlike microstructure that was analogous to silicified wood was prepared. The production of "titanified wood" was performed using the following process: (i) introduction of titanium tetraisopropoxide into wood materials via vacuum infiltration, (ii) hydrolysis of the titanium tetraisopropoxide in the cell structure to form a titania gel, and (iii) firing at a temperature of 600°–1400°C in air. The resulting titania ceramic had the same external and internal forms of the original wood. 相似文献
108.
A new evaluation method of transport refrigeration and A/C units is presented. This method allows the overall cooling performance during truck or bus operation, with respect to different engine speeds and driving styles, to be taken into account. The use of this method is demonstrated in the evaluation of two refrigeration units. 相似文献
109.
Seiho Sugawara Takao Maruyama Yoshiki Nagahara Shyam S. Kocha Kazuhiko Shinohra Kohei Tsujita Shigenori Mitsushima Ken-ichiro Ota 《Journal of power sources》2009
The degradation in performance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under open circuit conditions was investigated. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetic current density at 0.9 V was found to decrease from 36 to 4 mA cm−2 (geometric) without significant crossover increase or loss in the electrochemically active surface area. Cyclic voltammograms for the electrodes show characteristic changes, e.g. appearance of peaks at ∼0.2 V and shift of the onset of platinum oxide formation to higher potentials. It was identified that the large ORR kinetic decay has its origins in the reduction of available Pt sites due to adsorption of anions, which are postulated to be membrane decomposition products such as sulfate ions. Procedures carried out to condense water in the fuel cell led to the expulsion of anions out of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) resulting in the partial recovery of ORR kinetic current density to 15 mA cm−2. In order to attain complete performance recovery of the catalyst, a more effective and practical method to flush out the anions is desirable. 相似文献
110.
Giuseppe Pezzotti Hans-Joachim Kleebe Hitoshi Nishimura Ken'ichi Ota 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2001,84(10):2371-2376
Internal friction experiments were conducted on a model SiC polycrystal prepared from preoxidized (high-purity) SiC powder. This material contained high-purity SiO2 glass at grain boundaries in addition to a free-carbon phase, which was completely removed upon powder preoxidation. Comparative tests were conducted on a SiC polycrystal, obtained from the as-received SiC powder with the addition of 2.5 vol% of high-purity SiO2 . This latter SiC material was also investigated after annealing at 1900°C for 3 h in a nitrogen atmosphere. Electron microscopy observations revealed a glass-wetted interface structure in SiC polycrystals prepared from both as-received and preoxidized powders. However, the former material also showed a large fraction of interfaces coated by turbostratic graphite. Upon high-temperature annealing in nitrogen, partial glass dewetting occurred, and voids were systematically observed at multigrain junctions. The actual presence of nitrogen could only be detected in a limited number of wetted interfaces. A common feature in the internal friction behavior of the preoxidized, SiO2 -added and nitrogen-annealed SiC was a relaxation peak that resulted from grain-boundary sliding. Frequency-shift analysis revealed markedly different characteristics for this peak: both the magnitude of the intergranular glass viscosity and the activation energy for grain-boundary viscous flow were much higher in the nitrogen-annealed material. Results of torsional creep tests were consistent with these findings, with nitrogen-annealed SiC being the most creep resistant among the tested materials. 相似文献