直接还原铁在我厂电弧炉炼钢中的应用及效果分析

概述了直接还原铁的特性及在我厂电弧炉炼钢中的使用情况，并将其效果作了进一步分析。     

Mapping concentrations of surface water quality parameters using a novel remote sensing and artificial intelligence framework

The deterioration of surface water quality occurs due to the presence of various types of pollutants generated from human, agricultural, and industrial activities. Thus, mapping concentrations of different surface water quality parameters (SWQPs), such as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and dissolved oxygen (DO), is indeed critical for providing the appropriate treatment to the affected waterbodies. Traditionally, concentrations of SWQPs have been measured through intensive field work. Additionally, quite a lot of studies have attempted to retrieve concentrations of SWQPs from satellite images using regression-based methods. However, the relationship between SWQPs and satellite data is complex to be modelled accurately by using regression-based methods. Therefore, our study attempts to develop an artificial intelligence modelling method for mapping concentrations of both optical and non-optical SWQPs. In this context, a remote-sensing framework based on the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is developed for the first time to quantify concentrations of different SWQPs from the Landsat8 satellite imagery. Compared to other methods, such as Support Vector Machine, significant coefficients of determination (R²) between the Landsat8 surface reflectance and concentrations of SWQPs were obtained using the developed Landsat8-based-BPNN models. The resulting R² values were 0.991, 0.933, 0.937, 0.930, and 0.934 for turbidity, TSS, COD, BOD, and DO, respectively. Indeed, these findings indicate that the developed Landsat8-based-BPNN framework is capable of developing highly accurate models for retrieving concentrations of different SWQPs from the Landsat8 imagery.     

Cobalt loaded organic acid modified kaolin clay for the enhanced catalytic activity of hydrogen release via hydrolysis of sodium borohydride

Inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO₃) and sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) are generally used in the acid modification of clays. Here, CoB catalyst was synthesized on the acetic acid-activated kaolin support material (CH₃COOH -kaolin- CoB) with an alternative approach. This prepared catalyst, firstly, was used to catalyze the hydrolysis of NaBH₄ (NaBH₄-HR). The structure of the raw kaolin, kaolin-CH₃COOH, and CH₃COOH-kaolin-CoB samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption. At the same time, this catalyst performance was examined by Co loading, NaBH₄ concentration, NaOH concentration, temperature and reusability parameters. The end times of this hydrolysis reaction using raw kaolin-CoB and CH₃COOH-kaolin-CoB were found to be approximately 140 and 245 min, respectively. The maximum hydrogen generation rates (HGRs) obtained at temperatures 30 °C and 50 °C were 1533 and 3400 mL/min/g_catalyst, respectively. At the same time, the activation energy was found to be 49.41 kJ/mol.     

Theoretical calculation simulation studies of ABV nuclear reactor coupled with desalination system

In this paper, research has been conducted on the floating type nuclear power plant named as ABV reactor which is designed for district heating, power, and sea water desalination by OKBM facility at Russia. This reactor was tested under different thermal loads during the designing phase, and three modules have been investigated. Theoretical calculations and simulation studies have been performed on these three modules having specifications as ABV‐6M with 47MW_th, ABV‐6 with 38MW_th, and ABV‐3 with 18MW_th.The results obtained from these modules have been calculated mathematically and verified by simulation. We have compared the originally derived data of ABV desalination system with our theoretical and simulation analysis. The results from two desalination techniques including RO and RO + MED have been calculated and are presented in this paper with details. The results obtained from both analysis show that the efficiency of ABV nuclear reactor desalination system increases with the decrease in corresponding water cost ratio. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Theoretical investigation of plasma dynamical behavior and halo current analysis

In this paper, a novel system has been developed for plasma disruption conditions followed by downward vertical displacement. During the disruption, size and orientation of plasma decreases, which gives the halo current circulated around each contacting point in radial as well as in poloidal directions. Therefore, a new mathematical model has been developed, which gives the interaction forces of halo current, vertical, and radial plasma dynamical behavior (linear and nonlinear). This theoretical approach showed that the tokamak plasma has two connecting points in order to distinguish between the stable and unstable position. This model can particularly give the magnetic field change points and changing of flux, which are more convenient in order to discuss the static and tilting position of plasma behavior. Numerical techniques have been calculated in terms of plasma dynamical behavior, that is, Electromagnetic/plasma, Vertical Displacement Event (VDE) stages, and initial interaction between the forces under specific time interval. The objective of the research is to developed theoretical and computational model in order to investigate the dynamical behavior of plasma under disruption conditions. This is the novel method, and no work has been reported so far. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Low Temperature Hall Effect Investigation of Conducting Polymer-Carbon Nanotubes Composite Network

Polypyrrole (PPy) and polypyrrole-carboxylic functionalized multi wall carbon nanotube composites (PPy/f-MWCNT) were synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole on the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The structure of the resulting complex nanotubes was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of f-MWCNT concentration on the electrical properties of the resulting composites were studied at temperatures between 100 K and 300 K. The Hall mobility and Hall coefficient of PPy and PPy/f-MWCNT composite samples with different concentrations of f-MWCNT were measured using the van der Pauw technique. The mobility decreased slightly with increasing temperature, while the conductivity was dominated by the gradually increasing carrier density.     

Oil palm bunch ripeness classification using fluorescence technique

Oil palm is Malaysia’s major agriculture product and it covers approximately 5 million hectares of Malaysia’s land. Limited land resources have been an important factor that motivated the need to increase oil extraction rate (OER). OER of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) depends highly on their maturity stage. The ripe oil palm FFB will produce high OER while the under ripe and over ripe oil palm FFB will produce less oil. Thus, this paper presents a method of classification between oil palm FFB into ripe, under-ripe and over-ripe categories. This research was done at an oil palm plantation in peninsular Malaysia. A total of two-hundred and ten oil palm FFB that consist of seventy bunches for each category of under-ripe, ripe and over-ripe had been used. Each bunch was scanned ten times randomly with a hand-held multi-parameter fluorescence sensor called Multiplex®3. The parameter measured was the Blue-to-Red Fluorescence Ratio (BRR_FRF) obtained from blue-green (447 nm) and far-red (685 nm) emission signal by using ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diode as excitation light source. The novel contribution of this research is to prove that the oil palm FFB maturity can be determined using the Blue-to-Red Fluorescence ratio index. This is based to our finding of a significant difference among the three categories of ripeness based on the parameter. Classification and Regression Tree (C&RT) method was proposed in this paper. Hundred-fifty samples were used to develop the model by trained it using C&RT method and the remaining sixty samples for the test component. By using the C&RT method, the results show the best accuracy of overall testing classification is 90%. This research will be useful for future development of non-destructive, automatic and real time oil palm FFB grading system.     

Spatial competition and flexible manufacturing with spatially discriminatory pricing

This paper develops a two-dimensional spatial framework, in which firms have the technique of flexible manufacturing and engage in spatially discriminatory pricing, in order to explore the firms’ optimal locations and optimal attributes of basic products under linear transportation costs. The paper shows that the two firms will agglomerate at the center of the location line and the optimal attributes of the two basic products will be located at the first and third quartiles of the attribute line, respectively, when the ratio of the marginal modification rate to the transport rate is high. It also shows that the two firms will locate separately on the location line and that the optimal attributes of the two basic products will remain at the first and third quartiles, when this ratio is moderate. Moreover, this paper proves that the two firms will locate at the first and third quartiles of the location line, respectively, and that the attributes of the basic products will agglomerate at the center of the attribute line, when this ratio is low.     

Novel poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) composite films containing bioactive glass nanoparticles for wound healing applications

Bioactive glass is considered an ideal material for haemostasis as it releases Ca²⁺ ions upon hydration, which is required to support thrombosis. In this study the effects of the presence of nanoscaled bioactive glass (n‐BG) in poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) microsphere films on the structural properties, thermal properties and biocompatibility of the films were studied. The n‐BG with a high surface area was also tested for its in vitro haemostatic efficacy and was found to be able to successfully reduce clot detection time. In an effort to study the effect of the roughness induced by the formation of hydroxyapatite on cellular functions such as cell adhesion, cell mobility and cell differentiation, the composite films were immersed in simulated body fluid for periods of 1, 3 and 7 days. From scanning electron microscopy images, the surface of the P(3HB)/n‐BG composite microsphere films appeared fairly uniform and smooth on day 1; however on day 3 and day 7 a rough and uneven surface was observed. The presence of hydroxyapatite on the composite microsphere films on day 3 and day 7 influenced the surface roughness of the films. However, when the P(3HB)/n‐BG composite microsphere films with enhanced surface roughness were tested for biocompatibility, reduced amounts of protein adsorption and cell adhesion were observed. This study thus revealed that there is an optimal surface roughness for the P(3HB) microsphere films for increased cell adhesion, beyond which it could be deleterious for cell adhesion and differentiation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry