THERMAL REACTIVITIES OF SOME TURKISH LIGNITES

A DTA study has been made to investigate the thermal reactivities of five Turkish lignites (Elbistan, Ilgin, Karliova, Xangal, Yatagan) in an air atmosphere. The coal samples exhibited thermal reactivity at temperatures starting from 20 °C and continuing up to 671 °C. Endothermic peaks were observed at the lower end of the temperature range, the highest endothermic peak temperature being 146°C for Elbistan lignite. Exothermic peaks appeared at around 260, 360 and 600 °C. These temperatures are considered to signify the release and combustion of single benzene ring structures and combustion of condensed aromatic rings respectively. Corresponding stages are observed in the TGA traces. After correcting for differences in methodology, the overall heat effects measured by DTA are within greater than 90% of the calorific values of the coal samples determined by bomb calorimetry.     

The RBCMLSA problem on EONs with flexible transceivers

Photonic Network Communications - Next generation optical networks will require high levels of flexibility, being able to fit rate, bandwidth, modulation level, forward error correction (FEC)...     

A review of information centric network-based internet of things: communication architectures,design issues,and research opportunities

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In the perspective of Internet advancements for the future Internet, Information Centric Network (ICN) offers a communication model, which is different from the...     

Comparative analysis of segmentation techniques based on chest X-ray images

Multimedia Tools and Applications - The image segmentation is the basic step in the image processing involved in the processing of medical images. Over the past two decades, medical image...     

Watermarking as a service (WaaS) with anonymity

Multimedia Tools and Applications - With rapid increase in Internet usage, it has become quite easy to produce illegal digital contents. As a result, copyright protection and authentication...     

Effect of solvents on polyphenol recovery and antioxidant activity of isolates of Asparagus Officinalis roots from Chinese and New Zealand cultivars

Nine solvents of varying polarity (water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, n‐butyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether) were used to determine the optimal extraction solvent that gives the highest yield of bioactive compounds from six Asparagus Officinalis L root (AR) cultivars from China and New Zealand. The contents of total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), total saponins (TSC) and caffeic acid (CA) were determined. Antioxidant assessments included ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), 2, 2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ diphenyl‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS) and β‐carotene bleaching activity assays. The results indicated that yellow AR from China had the highest content of TPC, TFC, TSC and CA compared to other AR cultivars. The most effective solvents for bioactive compound recoveries and antioxidant activities from A. officinalis L root extraction were ethanol and methanol. The content of CA in ethanol extracts of yellow AR achieved 92.0 mg g^?1 DE.     

Comparison of bioactive peptides prepared from sheep cheese whey using a food‐grade bacterial and a fungal protease preparation

Novel bacterial (HT) and fungal (FPII) food‐grade protease preparations were evaluated for their ability to hydrolyse sheep cheese whey (SCW) and the generation of bioactive peptides. Both protease preparations hydrolysed the whey proteins to small peptides over 24‐h hydrolysis time, but the time course hydrolysis profiles were different as evaluated by SDS‐PAGE. The HT whey hydrolysate had considerably higher antioxidant and angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitor activity than the FPII hydrolysate. Neither hydrolysate was cytotoxic towards Vero cells. OFFGEL electrophoresis of the small peptide pool fraction (<15 amino acids) of each hydrolysate indicated differences in the pI distribution of the bioactive peptides. This likely reflects the diverse hydrolytic specificity of the proteases. Although the antioxidant activity of both hydrolysates was not significantly affected by simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the loss of ACE‐inhibitor activity was greater with the FPII hydrolysate.     

The effect of MgO on the solubility behavior and cell proliferation in a quaternary soluble phosphate based glass system

This paper presents a systematic study of the MgO–CaO–Na₂O–P₂O₅ glass system, which has great potential to be used as temporary hard and soft tissue implant materials. An overall study of solubility behavior of ternary and quaternary-based phosphate glass system have been carried out in order to understand the out-leaching progress of different ions and to determine their effect on cell proliferation. Originally, soluble phosphate based glasses within the ternary glass system of Na₂O–CaO–P₂O₅ have been developed to create a simple baseline system. This paper, however, presents the development of this system by introducing magnesium oxide as a partial calcium oxide substitute and solubility behaviors as well as cell studies have been carried out to check the effect on magnesium ions. Glasses have been prepared via standard glass melting techniques and their solubility behavior has been tested in distilled water via simple weight loss, pH and ion measurements. The way the glasses dissolve is an inverse exponential behavior which is mirrored by the calcium ion release. Other ions show a less exponential behavior. The MTT test has been used to check preliminary in vitro studies on a human MG63 cell line and the result indicates that cell proliferation is increased for glasses with minimal CaO substitution.