碳材料在金属化合物固态储氢中的应用

氢的安全、经济和高效储运是制约燃料电池-氢能推广应用的重大障碍.金属化合物固态储氢因理论质量储氢密度高、体积占比小、储氢压力低和安全性高,是以潜艇为代表的密闭空间场合用燃料电池的首选氢源,但热力学稳定和动力学释放氢缓慢等问题限制了其性能的发挥.碳材料因强结构设计性、独特的电子性质和高导热性,在金属化合物储氢中的研究日益广泛.基于此,从纳米结构约束、催化剂和添加剂三个角度,对金属化合物储氢中碳材料的应用进行了归纳,阐述了金属化合物/碳复合材料的制备和结构以及碳发挥有益效果的作用机制.     

Mechanical properties of nano-structured Ti-Si-N films synthesized by cathodic arc evaporation

Ti_1−xSi_xN coatings were synthesized by cathodic arc evaporation with plasma-enhancing filter duct, using Ti₈₀Si₂₀ alloy target as cathodes. Optical emission study revealed that excitation, ionization and charge transfer reactions of the Ti-Si-N plasma occurred during the Ti_1−xSi_xN deposition process. The chemical content of Si varied from 3.3 to 6.0 at% in Ti_1−xSi_xN depending on the nitrogen partial pressure of the reaction chamber. All the Ti_1−xSi_xN coatings displayed a NaCl structure and a preferred (2 0 0) orientation parallel to the substrate surface. Among the studied Ti_1−xSi_xN coatings, the Ti_1−xSi_xN with 6 at.% Si possessed the highest hardness of 45 GPa and H³/E*² ratio of 0.527 GPa, indicating the best resistance to plastic deformation. We found that the structure and mechanical properties of the Ti_1−xSi_xN films were correlated with the nitrogen pressure and silicon content of the coatings.     

Feasibility study of the ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling of Inconel superalloy

The ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling of Inconel 718 superalloy is studied in this paper. The tool holder of a machining center is retrofitted so that axial resonant vibration can be provided. Experimental results show that the chip size is reduced, and the variation of torque in drilling becomes smaller. These phenomena are particularly apparent at the final stage of a drill's usable life. It is also found that there is little improvement in drilling performance when the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration is varied. On the contrary, a drill's life is greatly increased when the vibration with a smaller amplitude is applied. But too large a vibration amplitude, such as over 12 μm in this study, could lead to negative effects. For the testing conditions, the frequency of 31.8 kHz and the amplitude of 4 μm result in the best drill life and quality of the drilled hole in this study. Under this condition a drill's life is prolonged by as much as 2.7 times of that without vibration assisted drilling process. Concerning drilling efficiency, it is found that by applying ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling, lifting of the drill for chip removal as commonly employed in conventional drilling of a high aspect ratio hole is not necessary, and saving of the working time is obtained.     

微合金化磁极钢板化学成分与磁性能的关系分析

采用多元线性回归分析方法分析微合金化磁极钢板化学成分与磁感应强度K、B100的关系，并用剩余碳含量的概念，得出显著性较高的磁极钢板磁性能与硫及剩余碳含量关系的回归式。     

纳秒激光微刻蚀取向硅钢的形貌特征及磁性能

为有效降低取向硅钢铁损、改善其磁性能，采用红外纳秒激光对取向硅钢进行微刻蚀试验。利用3D共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜与能谱仪研究典型工艺参数下的硅钢表面烧蚀形貌特征及表面质量，利用铁损仪测试不同刻蚀参数下取向硅钢的铁损、相对磁导率等磁性能参数及动态磁滞回线，对比分析刻痕前后磁性能的变化行为、规律及磁滞特性。结果表明：激光刻痕后，硅钢的铁损、相对磁导率、矫顽力及剩磁等性能得到明显改善，铁损的改善表现在高磁感强度下、相对磁导率的改善表现在低磁场强度下，回线特性得到优化。扫描速度为800 mm/s、脉冲能量为0.25 mJ时，刻痕边界呈近似规则的“波浪线”，且刻痕表面质量较高，铁损降低高达11.6%、剩磁降低12.8%等；刻痕后相对相对磁导率明显提高，提高约为5.7%~15.16%，最大可达2.598×10⁴。激光频率与扫描速度的耦合关系是影响刻痕边界形状与磁畴细化效果的重要因素。     

低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢的热处理工艺对组织的影响

低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢有着复杂的显微组织，主要由多边形铁素体（F）＋无碳贝氏体（B）＋残留奥氏体（AR）组成。本试验采用了彩色金相法，并结合X－ray衍射、SEM和TEM等手段研究了低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢显微组织与工艺的关系，发现随着两相区退火温度的升高，最终显微组织中铁素体基体体积分数变小，并且贝氏体量增多，残留奥氏体的稳定性呈起伏式变化；在贝氏体转变区的等温温度过高或过低，均使最终显微组织中残留奥氏体体积分数减少；在贝氏体转变区等温时，所形成贝氏体表现出粒状的特征。     

TIG焊和PAW焊中活性剂对焊缝熔深的影响

针对常规TIG焊生产效率低、熔深小等问题，研究了TIG焊和PAW焊中应用活性剂对焊缝熔深的影响。结果表明，应用活性剂后，在同样的参数下，同传统TIG相比，活性剂能够大幅度提高不锈钢、铝合金和钛合金的焊缝熔深。对于PAW焊，熔深也有增加，但是增加的幅度不如TIG效果明显，但对焊缝成形有很好的改善。同时，活性剂对铝合金焊接背面能够起到保护作用。对于钛合金，活性剂除了增加焊缝的熔深外，还能够大幅度地消减焊缝产生的气孔。     

初生硅在熔体中的溶解动力学

研究了初生硅在熔体中的溶解特性，并以原子扩散为模型，考虑界面反应等因素的影响，建立了初生硅在过热熔体中的溶解动力学模型。同时以Al-17%Si合金为研究对象，采用等温液淬技术，对所建立的模型进行了实验验证。结果表明，初生硅在熔体中的溶解机制不是单纯受扩散控制的，而是由扩散、界面反应共同作用的结果，文中所建立的初生硅溶解模型可以较好地描述初生硅在不同温度过热熔体中的溶解特性。     

微量Re对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金性能及微观组织的影响

采用经高能球磨的超细93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe预合金粉末，并添加少量的Re，经压制，烧结制取试样。研究Re对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金性能和微观组织的影响。用机械式拉力试验机测量试样拉伸强度，用扫描电镜观察试样拉伸断1：3的形貌，用金相显微镜对试样显微组织进行测试分析。结果表明：当添加0％-0．8％Re（质量分数，下同）时，随着Re添加量的增加，合金的相对密度稳定在99．43％～99．49％，烧结样品延伸率从不加Re时的26．47％降至0．8％Re时的14．71％，合金的抗拉强度由不加Re时的1025MPa增加到0．8％Re时的1142MPa，合金拉伸断口收缩率由不加Re时的20．45％降至0．8％Re时的10．91％；随着Re含量的增加，合金中W晶粒的穿晶解理断裂的比例增加，而粘结相延性断裂的比例减少；随着Re含量的增加，合金中W晶粒尺寸明显减小，由不加Re时的40μm-45μm减小到添加0．8％Re时的20μm-25μm。     

富钛BaO-TiO2(Ti/Ba=4～4.5)系微波介质陶瓷

采用固相反应法制备了富钛BaTi4+xO9+2x(x=0.0-0.50)微波介质陶瓷,探讨了TiO2含量以及烧结温度对物相组成和介电性能的影响.在1300～1350 ℃烧结BaTi4+xO9+2x陶瓷即可达到约98%的相对密度.当x≤0.28时,BaTi4+xO9+2x陶瓷为BaTi4O9单相.随TiO2含量的增加,BaTi4+xO9+2x陶瓷从BaTi4O9单相逐渐转变成以BaTi4O9为主相,同时出现TiO2和Ba2Ti9O20相,并且随烧结温度提高,TiO2含量较多的试样中出现更多的Ba2Ti9O20相.随TiO2含量的增加介电常数逐渐增大,而Qf值呈下降趋势.Qf值从x=0.0时的约40 000 GHz逐渐降低至x=0.50时的15 000 GHz.