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11.
To identify possible sources of the observed differences in the career choices of women and men, three facets of career preferences were examined: the relative importance attributed to career-related aspects, the within-aspect preferences (i.e., desirable characteristics of occupations), and the structure of aspects derived from these within-aspect preferences. The career-related preferences of 2,000 young adults who were in the process of making their career decisions were analyzed. These career-related preferences were elicited during their dialogues with a computer-assisted career guidance system. The analyses revealed (a) only small gender differences in the relative importance of the aspects, (b) considerable gender differences in the within-aspect preferences, and (c) certain gender differences in the structure of aspects. The findings and their possible theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
12.
Effect of magnesium content on the ageing behaviour of water-chilled Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Fe-Mn (380) alloy castings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A study of the effect of magnesium concentration on the ageing behaviour as measured by the hardness of 380 alloy was conducted
for three levels of magnesium, namely 0.06 (base alloy), 0.33 and 0.5 wt%, for water-chilled castings (dendrite arm spacing
∼ 10–15 μm). Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of as-cast samples was carried out to determine the changes in the
reactions of the phases obtained during alloy solidification, employing heating rates of 0.1 and 1.0°Cs−1, up to approximately 700°C. Two heat treatments were applied to the as-cast alloys: T5 comprising ageing at 25 (room temperature),
155, 180, 200 and 220°C, for times up to 200 h, and T6 comprising solution heat treatment at 480 °C or 515°C for 8 h, followed
by quenching in warm water at 60°C, followed by immediate artificial ageing at 155 or 180°C for varying times up to 100h.
The results show that the higher hardness values obtained with T6 treatment can be explained by the excess precipitation of
magnesium-containing phases in the as-solidified alloys. This precipitation could be eliminated under the high cooling-rate
conditions prevalent in die-casting operations so that T5 treatment may be used to replace T6 treatment to produce the same
hardness values. In addition, solution heat treatment in the low-temperature range (480–515°C) is adequate to produce the
required changes in silicon morphology and dissolution of magnesium in the matrix. No significant difference in hardness behaviour
was observed when the magnesium content was increased beyond 0.3 wt%. 相似文献
13.
This paper investigates the issue of building software in the Internet environment, where local area network (LAN) based
systems are interconnected by links with different bandwidth and do not share file systems. The software is modeled as a directed
acyclic graph. Each node in the graph represents a logical step in processing the software while the edges describe the order
of execution. The problem is to construct the software at a particular LAN with minimum Internet communication cost. An optimal
polynomial algorithm, SOFTCON, with time complexity is presented, where and are the number of nodes and edges in the graph describing the software respectively, is the number of LANs in the Internet environment, and is the time complexity of the network flow algorithm on the flow network with nodes and edges transformed from the directed acyclic graph of the software.
Received: 6 December 1995 / 1 May 1996 相似文献
14.
W Samuel M Dryden M Sampson A Page H Shepherd 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,22(23):2763-2765
STUDY DESIGN: A case of paraspinal abscess formation from Haemophilus paraphrophilus is presented. OBJECTIVES: To describe a case of paraspinal abscess formation from H. paraphrophilus, a fastidious commensal organism of the mouth and pharynx. A precise bacteriologic identification can be difficult; techniques for such identification are discussed. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal abscess caused by H. paraphrophilus is unusual and can be very difficult to diagnose. METHODS: The etiology, clinical presentation, technical examinations, and treatment are reviewed. RESULTS: Prolonged antibiotic treatment was curative, although surgery was considered. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteriologic diagnoses in these rare infections are difficult. Antibiotic therapy was curative in the patient described. 相似文献
15.
Effect of alloying elements on the solidification characteristics and microstructure of Al- Si- Cu- Mg- Fe 380 alloy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of varying the major alloying elements within the limits of specification on the solidification behavior, fluidity,
and microstructure of a 380 alloy has been studied at two cooling rates. The thermal analysis technique has been used to study
the solidification behavior. The alloying elements investigated ranged from 3.22 to 4.09 pct copper, 1.01 to 1.70 pct iron,
0.06 to 0.50 pct magnesium, 1.69 to 3.00 pct zinc, and 0.16 to 0.46 pct manganese. The results show that the solidification
behavior of the 380 alloys is complicated, and the cooling curve at 0.4 ‡C/s indicates six reactions taking place during the
process of solidification. Cooling curves obtained for each of the alloying element additions, their analysis, and the resultant
microstructures are discussed. 相似文献
16.
The problem of tracking a periodic trajectory of the well-known cart-pendulum system is solved. After a change of coordinates and a change of feedback, the equations of this system are nonlinear but feedforward. This property is extensively used to carry out for this system the design of uniformly asymptotically stabilizing time-varying state feedbacks by using the forwarding approach. 相似文献
17.
The traditional conception of validity divides it into three separate and substitutable types: content, criterion, and construct validities. This view is fragmented and incomplete, especially because it fails to take into account both evidence of the value implications of score meaning as a basis for action and the social consequences of score use. The new unified concept of validity interrelates these issues as fundamental aspects of a more comprehensive theory of construct validity that addresses both score meaning and social values in test interpretation and test use. That is, unified validity integrates considerations of content, criteria, and consequences into a construct framework for the empirical testing of rational hypotheses about score meaning and theoretically relevant relationships, including those of an applied and a scientific nature. Six distinguishable aspects of construct validity are highlighted as a means of addressing central issues implicit in the notion of validity as a unified concept. These are content, substantive, structural, generalizability, external, and consequential aspects of construct validity. In effect, these six aspects function as general validity criteria or standards for all educational and psychological measurement, including performance assessments, which are discussed in some detail because of their increasing emphasis in educational and employment settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
19.
The data obtained on inclusion types and concentrations has been analysed in the present part in terms of their effect on
filtration time and fluidity (measured by the length of solidified metal in quartz tubes). The dross, i.e., the oxide layer
that formed on the surface of the molten metal, was carefully collected and its mass determined; then it was examined in a
scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray system. The results show that inclusions are not the
only parameter to be considered. More importantly, it is Al2O3 (films or particles), which seems to be the deciding factor.
It is found, however, that it is quite difficult to separate the individual role of each parameter using the porous disc filtration
apparatus (PoDFA) technique, i.e., sampling, without disturbing the molten metal. Sampling would introduce undesirable oxides
into the PoDFA crucible, resulting in an artificial increase in the filtration time. Increasing the holding periods of the
molten metal increases the quantity of dross. In all cases, the skimmed dross is wet, i.e., it contains an appreciable amount
of molten metal. The main types of oxides in the dross are MgO, MgAl2O4, Al4C3 and Al2O3.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
The solidification behavior of two composites based on Al-Si alloy has been investigated as a function of cooling rate. Thermal
analysis techniques have been used to establish the relationship between solidification history and the microstructure developed.
The results of thermal analysis show that the characteristic parameters are influenced by the cooling rate. A marked difference
in these parameters is observed between the reinforced and the unreinforced materials at all cooling rates studied. The cooling
rates used in the present study range from 0.3 to 20 K/s. Increasing the cooling rate is shown to affect the undercooling
parameters both in the liquidus and eutectic solidification region. The eutectic growth temperature of the composites is observed
to be higher than that of the base alloy at all cooling rates. The depression in eutectic temperature ΔT is found to decrease
by 27 K for the unreinforced alloy (A356) and by 17 K for the composites (A356 + 10, 20 vol pct SiC) at a higher cooling rate
of ≃16 K/s. The presence of SiC reinforcement is observed to suppress the Mg2Si precipitate formation and decrease the amount of heat liberated during both primary and eutectic phase formation. Dendrite
arm spacing (DAS) is correlated to the cooling rate by a relationship of the form DAS =AT
-n, wheren is found to be of the order of 0.33. 相似文献