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171.
Oda K. Ohue E. Suzumura I. Hayami R. Kodama A. Shimamoto H. Washio K. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》2003,50(11):2213-2220
Si/sub 1-x-y/Ge/sub x/C/sub y/ selective epitaxial growth (SEG) was performed by cold-wall, ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition, and the effects of incorporating C on the crystallinity of Si/sub 1-x-y/Ge/sub x/C/sub y/ layers and the performance of a self-aligned SiGeC heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) were evaluated. A Si/sub 1-x-y/Ge/sub x/C/sub y/ layer with good crystallinity was obtained by optimizing the growth conditions. Device performance was significantly improved by incorporating C, as a result of applying Si/sub 1-x-y/Ge/sub x/C/sub y/ SEG to form the base of a self-aligned HBT. Fluctuations in device performance were suppressed by alleviating the lattice strain. Furthermore, since the B out diffusion could be suppressed by incorporating C, the cutoff frequency was able to be increased with almost the same base resistance. A maximum oscillation frequency of 174 GHz and an emitter coupled logic gate-delay time of 5.65 ps were obtained at a C content of 0.4%, which shows promise for future ultrahigh-speed communication systems. 相似文献
172.
P. G. Muzykov Y. I. Khlebnikov S. V. Regula Y. Gao T. S. Sudarshan 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2003,32(6):505-510
To establish fast, nondestructive, and inexpensive methods for resistivity measurements of SiC wafers, different resistivity-measurement
techniques were tested for characterization of semi-insulating SiC wafers, namely, the four-point probe method with removable
graphite contacts, the van der Pauw method with annealed metal and diffused contacts, the current-voltage (I-V) technique,
and the contactless resistivity-measurement method. Comparison of different techniques is presented. The resistivity values
of the semi-insulating SiC wafer measured using different techniques agree fairly well. As a result, application of removable
graphite contacts is proposed for fast and nondestructive resistivity measurement of SiC wafers using the four-point probe
method. High-temperature van der Pauw and room-temperature Hall characterization for the tested semi-insulating SiC wafer
was also obtained and reported in this work. 相似文献
173.
A coupled cell system is a network of dynamical systems, or 'cells', coupled together. Such systems can be represented schematically by a directed graph whose nodes correspond to cells and whose edges represent couplings. A symmetry of a coupled cell system is a permutation of the cells and edges that preserves all internal dynamics and all couplings. It is well known that symmetry can lead to patterns of synchronized cells, rotating waves, multirhythms, and synchronized chaos. Recently, the introduction of a less stringent form of symmetry, the 'symmetry groupoid', has shown that global group-theoretic symmetry is not the only mechanism that can create such states in a coupled cell system. The symmetry groupoid consists of structure-preserving bijections between certain subsets of the cell network, the input sets. Here, we introduce a concept intermediate between the groupoid symmetries and the global group symmetries of a network: 'interior symmetry'. This concept is closely related to the groupoid structure, but imposes stronger constraints of a group-theoretic nature. We develop the local bifurcation theory of coupled cell systems possessing interior symmetries, by analogy with symmetric bifurcation theory. The main results are analogues for 'synchrony-breaking' bifurcations of the Equivariant Branching Lemma for steady-state bifurcation, and the Equivariant Hopf Theorem for bifurcation to time-periodic states. 相似文献
174.
The main objective of this present study was to evaluate, for a standard mortar, the drying effect on its mechanical behaviour. Numerous uniaxial compression tests were thus performed with loading-unloading cycles. They were carried out on different samples previously preserved under various conditions of conservation: preserved from desiccation, air drying and rapid drying at 60°C. The obtained results showed significant influences of these conditions on the material behaviour (increase in strength, decrease in Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) and the necessity of taking into account the coupling effects between mechanical—poromechanical behaviours and drying. 相似文献
175.
A multipath structure of a ring resonator is proposed to expand the free spectral range. Simulation work indicates that the multipath ring resonator has 25 GHz-adjacent-channel crosstalk of -41 dB, maximum interchannel crosstalk of -18 dB, and -1 dB bandwidth of 4 GHz for a typical expansion factor of 10. The results show the advantages of characteristics compared with a double-cavity ring resonator and a triple-coupler ring resonator. 相似文献
176.
This paper focuses on a class of robot manipulators termed "continuum" robots - robots that exhibit behavior similar to tentacles, trunks, and snakes. In previous work, we studied details of the mechanical design, kinematics, path-planning and small-deflection dynamics for continuum robots such as the Clemson "tentacle manipulator". In this paper, we discuss the dynamics of a planar continuum backbone section, incorporating a large-deflection dynamic model. Based on these dynamics, we formulate a vibration-damping setpoint controller, and include experimental results to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed controller. 相似文献
177.
O. A. Lambri J. I. Prez-Landazbal J. A. Cano V. Recarte 《Materials Science and Engineering: A》2004,370(1-2):459-463
Mechanical spectroscopy, neutron diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed on commercial Fe–6 wt.% Si alloy after quenching from high temperature. The damping spectrum shows a peak at around 800 K and an associated modulus defect. The modulus shows an increase during the second and subsequent heating runs. In addition, an anomaly in the modulus behavior has been found at around 400 K. Different thermal treatments allows to obtain two different recovery degrees of the quenched-in defects. The influence of the recovery degree on the 800 K internal friction peak and on the anelastic modulus has been evaluated and confirm the validity of the grain boundary mechanism associated to this peak. Experimental results are discussed on the basis of recovery and ordering processes. 相似文献
178.
I. Budić-Leto T. Lovrić J. Gajdoš Kljusurić I. Pezo U. Vrhovšek 《European Food Research and Technology》2006,222(3-4):397-402
Identification of anthocyanins in the wine made of the Croatian autochthonous grape variety of Babić (Vitis vinifera L.) was carried out and their profile was determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array
and mass spectrometric detection. Dependence of anthocyanins content and profile on maceration treatment conditions was investigated.
Statistically significant differences of anthocyanins concentration in wines Babić produced by various maceration treatments
were confirmed by the use of multivariate analysis of variances. The investigation results indicated that the maceration temperature
exerts higher influence on anthocyanins concentration than the duration of maceration. In addition, on the basis of anthocyanin
composition and using different multivariate statistical analyses, differentiation of wines Babić according to maceration
treatments was procured. 相似文献
179.
Extraction of Cs, Sr, Eu, U, Np, and Am with mixtures of dipicolinic acid diamides with chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide was studied. A synergistic effect was revealed. 相似文献
180.
Albul V. I. Bychkov V. B. Gusev K. E. Demidov V. S. Demidova E. V. Kurchanov A. F. Luk'yashin V. E. Sokolov A. Yu. 《Measurement Techniques》2003,46(8):810-814
A monitor is proposed based on ultrasonic production when ionizing radiation passes through a medium. The recording element is a 0.2 mm aluminum plate mounted in a ceramic acoustic converter AC in the form of a wedge of thickness 2 mm. The low plate thickness minimizes the beam parameter distortion, while special technology used in the AC provides high sensitivity. The device has been calibrated in the proton beam from the ITEP accelerator at 200 MeV with 2·109–6·1010 particles in a pulse and a pulse length of 70 nsec. 相似文献