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Irene Appolloni Sebastiano Curreli Sara Caviglia Manuela Barilari Eleonora Gambini Aldo Pagano Paolo Malatesta 《International journal of molecular sciences》2012,13(11):14667-14678
Tumor progression is a key aspect in oncology. Not even the overexpression of a powerful oncogenic stimulus such as platelet derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) is sufficient per se to confer full malignancy to cells. In previous studies we showed that neural progenitors overexpressing PDGF-B need to undergo progression to acquire the capability to give rise to secondary tumor following transplant. By comparing the expression profile of PDGF-expressing cells before and after progression, we found that progressed tumors consistently downregulate the expression of the antiproliferative gene Btg2. We therefore tested whether the downregulation of Btg2 is sufficient and necessary for glioma progression with loss and gain of function experiments. Our results show that downregulation of Btg2 is not sufficient but is necessary for tumor progression since the re-introduction of Btg2 in fully progressed tumors dramatically impairs their gliomagenic potential. These results suggest an important role of Btg2 in glioma progression. Accordingly with this view, the analysis of public datasets of human gliomas showed that reduced level of Btg2 expression correlates with a significantly worse prognosis. 相似文献
103.
Sara Silva Stephen Dignum Leonardo Vanneschi 《Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines》2012,13(2):197-238
Bloat can be defined as an excess of code growth without a corresponding improvement in fitness. This problem has been one
of the most intensively studied subjects since the beginnings of Genetic Programming. This paper begins by briefly reviewing
the theories explaining bloat, and presenting a comprehensive survey and taxonomy of many of the bloat control methods published
in the literature through the years. Particular attention is then given to the new Crossover Bias theory and the bloat control
method it inspired, Operator Equalisation (OpEq). Two implementations of OpEq are described in detail. The results presented
clearly show that Genetic Programming using OpEq is essentially bloat free. We discuss the advantages and shortcomings of
each different implementation, and the unexpected effect of OpEq on overfitting. We observe the evolutionary dynamics of OpEq
and address its potential to be extended and integrated into different elements of the evolutionary process. 相似文献
104.
Long‐term expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells in a microcarrier‐based dynamic system
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Daniele Bortoluzzi Claudio CinquemaniElisa Torresani Sara Spilimbergo 《The Journal of Supercritical Fluids》2011,56(1):6-13
The main aim of this work is to investigate the effect of CO2 and N2O under pressure in aqueous solution - both on-line and in real-time. In particular, the paper presents the kinetics of pH behaviour of either slightly buffered minimal medium (MM) or non-buffered solution (Ringer solution) during high-pressure treatment at 5, 30 and 60 bar at 25 °C.An innovative spectrophotometric approach has been developed: an optical fiber conducted the inlet signal of a light source into the high-pressure reactor, while another fiber conducted the outlet signal to a spectrometer, thus, obtaining measurements on-line and real-time.CO2 treatment resulted in a pH decrease down to 3.0 in Ringer solution with the equilibrium being reached after 800 s, while the slightly buffered MM allows only for a decrease down to 4.5 with equilibrium being reached after slightly more than 40 s at 60 bar.N2O treatment, as expected, did not lead to any acidification of the treated medium at any conditions tested.Furthermore, a mathematical model describing both the solubilization kinetics of CO2 and in aqueous solution and the decrease of extracellular pH has been implemented. This model may easily be applied to different reactor configurations. The theoretical results and the goodness of the fit has been verified using the experimental results showing a good accuracy of the complex phenomena with a simplification that is of vital relevance for technical processes. 相似文献
107.
Kanter Jonathan W.; Rusch Laura C.; Landes Sara J.; Holman Gareth I.; Whiteside Ursula; Sedivy Sonja K. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,46(2):220
To improve cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBT) for depression, several approaches recommend an increased focus on the occurrence of problems as they occur in the therapeutic relationship or in relation to the live therapy process, referred to as present-focused. A lingering question has been the degree to which CBT therapists already engage in present-focused work. This study utilized sessions from recent trials of CBT for depression and, in Phase I, raters identified present-focused interventions on a turn-by-turn basis. Phase II raters used a qualitative analysis to determine categories of present-focused interventions. Results indicated that therapists rarely focused on the therapeutic relationship; when they did, it was often transient and lacking in the elaborations suggested by newer approaches. Therapists more often performed therapy process and emotion focused interventions, but these also tended to lack elaboration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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