Stability of active components of cardamom oleoresin in co-crystallized sugar cube during storage

Cardamom oleoresin was co-crystallized to formulate flavoured sugar cubes for table top use in tea. The flavoured sugar cubes were packed in two-layer composite and three-layer metalized laminate packaging materials and evaluated for 5 months at relative humidities of 33%, 63% and 93% and temperatures of 5 °C, 25 °C and 45 °C, respectively. The major active components of cardamom oleoresin viz. 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate in the co-crystallized sugar cubes was quantified by gas chromatography throughout the storage period. The major active components of cardamom in the oleoresin, freshly prepared flavoured sugar cubes, and in sugar cubes stored under extreme condition of storage at 45 °C under all the relative humidities were identified by GCMS. The rate of degradation of 1,8-cineole was higher than α-terpinyl acetate as seen from the kinetic study and activation energy in both the packaging materials under all conditions of storage.     

Enhancing activity and stability of Burkholderia cepacia lipase by immobilization on surface-functionalized mesoporous silicates

Burkholderia cepacia lipase was immobilized on various types of phenyl-functionalized mesoporous silicates (MPS). MPS, anchored with a phenyl group on the silica wall and with three dimensional (3D) mesoporosity, showed highest lipase adsorption capacity and best activities both in aqueous and organic reagents.     

Synthesis,spectroscopic characterization,DNA cleavage and antibacterial studies of a novel tridentate Schiff base and some lanthanide（III） complexes

A novel potential tridentate Schiff base was prepared by condensing equimolar quantities of 2-hydroxyacetophenone and 2-aminopyrimidine in methanol. This ligand was versatile in forming a series of complexes with lanthanide ions such as La（III）, Pr（III）, Nd（III）, Sm（III）, Gd（III）, Dy（III） and Yb（III）. The ligand and the metal complexes were characterized through elemental analysis, molar conductance, UV-Visible, IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectral studies. The spectral studies indicated that the ligand was coordinated to the metal ion in neutral tridentate fashion through the azomethine nitrogen, one of the nitrogen atoms in the pyrimidine ring and the phenolic oxygen without deprotonation. Thermal decomposition and luminescence property of lanthanum（III） complex were also examined. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed the crystalline nature of the ligand and its lanthanum（III） complex. The DNA cleavage studies of the ligand and the metal complexes were carried out and it was observed that the lanthanum（III） and neo-dymium（III） complexes cleaved the pUC19 DNA effectively. The ligand and the metal complexes were screened for their antibacte-rial activities. The metal complexes were found to be more potent bactericides than the ligand.     

Design for Test of Asynchronous NULL Convention Logic (NCL) Circuits

Due to the absence of a global clock and the presence of more state holding elements that synchronize the control and data paths, conventional Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) algorithms fail when applied to asynchronous circuits, leading to poor fault coverage. This paper presents a design for test (DFT) technique for a popular asynchronous design paradigm called NULL Convention Logic (NCL) aimed at making NCL designs testable using existing DFT tools with reasonable gate overhead. The proposed technique performs test points (TPs) insertion using Sandia Controllability and Observability Program (SCOAP) analysis to enhance the controllability of feedback nets and observability for fault sites that are flagged unobservable. An Automatic DFT Insertion Flow (ADIF) algorithm and a custom ATPG NCL primitive gates library are developed. The developed DFT technique has been verified on several NCL benchmark circuits

Radiation amplification with help of the intrinsic Josephson effect

The use of the intrinsic Josephson effect in layered high-T_c superconductors for amplification of a signal in the presence of a strong pump radiation is investigated. Calculations are done both for thin films and massive material with a surface parallel to the c-direction, assuming normal incidence of the radiation with electric field parallel to the c-direction for parameter values relevant for high-T_c materials. In both cases high signal gain is obtained in a limited range of frequencies and pump power.     

Retransmission Error Control with Memory

Automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) is one of the most commonly used error control techniques today. In this paper, an error control technique that is a basic improvement over ARQ is presented. The technique uses the simple idea of utilizing erroneously received blocks in an ARQ system for error control, retaining most of the other aspects of ARQ. The technique is termed ARQ-with-memory (MRQ). The general MRQ system is described, and simple upper and lower bounds are derived on the throughput achievable by MRQ. The performance of MRQ with respect to throughput, message delay and probability of error is compared to that of ARQ by simulating both systems using error data from a VHF satellite channel being operated in the ALOHA packet broadcasting mode [9].     

Effect of simultaneous substitution of La and Mn on dielectric behavior of barium titanate ceramic

A few compositions in the valence compensated system Ba_1−x La _x Ti_1−x Mn _x O₃ were synthesized by solid-state ceramic method to study the effect of co-doping lanthanum and manganese in equimolar amounts on dielectric behavior of BaTiO₃. Compositions with x ≤ 0.10 have shown solid solution formation. Compositions with x ≤ 0.05 are found to have tetragonal structure at room temperature while composition with x = 0.10 is cubic. Plots of relative dielectric constant, ε_r versus temperature for composition with x = 0.01 show dielectric anomalies around 376 ± 2, 264 ± 2 and 179 ± 2 K which correspond to cubic to tetragonal (T _C–T), tetragonal to orthorhombic (T _T–O) and orthorhombic to rhombohedral (T _O–R) transition, respectively, similar to BaTiO₃. Curie temperature has been found to decrease with increasing concentration of lanthanum and manganese simultaneously in barium titanate. The broadening in the dielectric peak at cubic to tetragonal (T _C–T) transition temperature increases with increasing x. For x = 0.10, only one anomaly at 100 K is observed in its ε_r versus T plots. The observation of this single anomaly may be due to pinching effect of the substitutions on the three phase transitions.     

Fractional-order Proportional-integral-derivative-based Automatic Generation Control in Deregulated Power Systems

Abstract—In this article, implementation of a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controller is proposed as supplementary automatic generation control of interconnected multi-area deregulated power systems that operates under the effects of bilateral contracts on the dynamics. The tuning of the fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controller parameters is formulated as an optimization problem and solved by employing a genetic algorithm. The traditional automatic generation control loop incorporated with the concept of the distribution company participation matrix and fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative supplementary controller is simulated for different operating cases; a comparison among the conventional integral controller, hybrid fuzzy proportional-integral controller, genetic algorithm-tuned proportional-integral controller, and genetic algorithm-tuned proportional-integral-derivative controllers is presented. The simulation results show that the system employing a genetic algorithm-tuned fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controller has better performance than the integer-order hybrid fuzzy proportional-integral, genetic algorithm-tuned proportional-integral, and genetic algorithm-tuned proportional-integral-derivative controllers in terms of settling time and overshoot.