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排序方式: 共有357条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
41.
Remediation of groundwater contaminated with MTBE and benzene: the potential of vertical-flow soil filter systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
van Afferden M Rahman KZ Mosig P De Biase C Thullner M Oswald SE Müller RA 《Water research》2011,45(16):5063-5074
Field investigations on the treatment of MTBE and benzene from contaminated groundwater in pilot or full-scale constructed wetlands are lacking hugely. The aim of this study was to develop a biological treatment technology that can be operated in an economic, reliable and robust mode over a long period of time. Two pilot-scale vertical-flow soil filter eco-technologies, a roughing filter (RF) and a polishing filter (PF) with plants (willows), were operated independently in a single-stage configuration and coupled together in a multi-stage (RF + PF) configuration to investigate the MTBE and benzene removal performances. Both filters were loaded with groundwater from a refinery site contaminated with MTBE and benzene as the main contaminants, with a mean concentration of 2970 ± 816 and 13,966 ± 1998 μg L−1, respectively. Four different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) with a stepwise increment of 60, 120, 240 and 480 L m−2 d−1 were applied over a period of 388 days in the single-stage operation. At the highest HLR of 480 L m−2 d−1, the mean concentrations of MTBE and benzene were found to be 550 ± 133 and 65 ± 123 μg L−1 in the effluent of the RF. In the effluent of the PF system, respective mean MTBE and benzene concentrations of 49 ± 77 and 0.5 ± 0.2 μg L−1 were obtained, which were well below the relevant MTBE and benzene limit values of 200 and 1 μg L−1 for drinking water quality. But a dynamic fluctuation in the effluent MTBE concentration showed a lack of stability in regards to the increase in the measured values by nearly 10%, which were higher than the limit value. Therefore, both (RF + PF) filters were combined in a multi-stage configuration and the combined system proved to be more stable and effective with a highly efficient reduction of the MTBE and benzene concentrations in the effluent. Nearly 70% of MTBE and 98% of benzene were eliminated from the influent groundwater by the first vertical filter (RF) and the remaining amount was almost completely diminished (∼100% reduction) after passing through the second filter (PF), with a mean MTBE and benzene concentration of 5 ± 10 and 0.6 ± 0.2 μg L−1 in the final effluent. The emission rate of volatile organic compounds mass into the air from the systems was less than 1% of the inflow mass loading rate. The results obtained in this study not only demonstrate the feasibility of vertical-flow soil filter systems for treating groundwater contaminated with MTBE and benzene, but can also be considered a major step forward towards their application under full-scale conditions for commercial purposes in the oil and gas industries. 相似文献
42.
Usenko S Landers DH Appleby PG Simonich SL 《Environmental science & technology》2007,41(21):7235-7241
An analytical method was developed for the trace analysis of 98 semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) in remote, high-elevation lake sediment. Sediment cores from Lone Pine Lake (west of the Continental Divide) and Mills Lake (east of the Continental Divide) in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, were dated using 210Pb and 137Cs and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides, phosphorothioate pesticides, thiocarbamate pesticides, amide herbicides, triazine herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using this method. SOC deposition profiles were reconstructed, and deposition half-lives and doubling times were calculated, for U.S. historic-use pesticides (HUPs) and current-use pesticides (CUPs) as well as PBDEs, PCBs, and PAHs. Sediment records indicate that the deposition of CUPs has increased in recent years, while the deposition of HUPs has decreased since U.S. restriction, but has not been eliminated. This is likely due to the revolatilization of HUPs from regional soils, atmospheric transport, and deposition. Differences in the magnitude of SOC sediment fluxes, flux profiles, time trends within those profiles, and isomeric ratios suggest that SOC deposition in high-elevation ecosystems is dependent on regional upslope wind directions and site location with respect to regional sources and topographic barriers. 相似文献
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Sascha Bernholt Karolina Broman Sara Siebert Ilka Parchmann 《Israel journal of chemistry》2019,59(6-7):554-564
Chemistry requires and combines both observable and mental representations. Still we know that learners often struggle in combining these perspectives successfully, especially when experimental observations contradict the model‐based explanations, e. g. in interpreting the chemical equilibrium as dynamic processes while observing a static system without any visible changes. Digital media offer potentials that might not have been accessible to this degree until now. However, we do not know enough with regard to the degree and effects these media tools have in supporting learning processes but perhaps also in hindering them. This article presents four approaches on how to potentially make use of digital media in learning processes based on theoretical considerations and empirical investigations. The projects will explore applications of media as visualization, learning and investigation tools in chemistry education, embracing techniques from virtual realities to eye‐tracking. 相似文献
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Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - Die Vorteile von elektrischen Hochdrehzahlantrieben mit Mehrganggetriebe gegenüber aktuellen elektrischen Antrieben, konnten durch jüngste... 相似文献
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Sascha Kulas Christian Vogt Andreas Resch Jonas Hartwig Sven Ganske Jonas Matthias Dennis Schlippert Thijs Wendrich Wolfgang Ertmer Ernst Maria Rasel Marcin Damjanic Peter Weßels Anja Kohfeldt Erdenetsetseg Luvsandamdin Max Schiemangk Christoph Grzeschik Markus Krutzik Andreas Wicht Achim Peters Sven Herrmann Claus Lämmerzahl 《Microgravity science and technology》2017,29(1-2):37-48
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Lukas Haneke Felix Pfeiffer Peer Bärmann Jens Wrogemann Christoph Peschel Jonas Neumann Fabian Kux Sascha Nowak Martin Winter Tobias Placke 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,19(8):2206092
Pre-lithiation via electrolysis, herein defined as electrolytic pre-lithiation, using cost-efficient electrolytes based on lithium chloride (LiCl), is successfully demonstrated as a proof-of-concept for enabling lithium-ion battery full-cells with high silicon content negative electrodes. An electrolyte for pre-lithiation based on γ-butyrolactone and LiCl is optimized using boron-containing additives (lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate) and CO2 with respect to the formation of a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on silicon thin films as model electrodes. Reversible lithiation in Si||Li metal cells is demonstrated with Coulombic efficiencies (CEff) of 95–96% for optimized electrolytes comparable to 1 m LiPF6/EC:EMC 3:7. Formation of an effective SEI is shown by cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). electrolytic pre-lithiation experiments show that notable amounts of the gaseous product Cl2 dissolve in the electrolyte leading to a self-discharge Cl2/Cl− shuttle mechanism between the electrodes lowering pre-lithiation efficiency and causing current collector corrosion. However, no significant degradation of the Si active material and the SEI due to contact with elemental chlorine is found by SEM, impedance, and XPS. In NCM111||Si full-cells, the capacity retention in the 100th cycle can be significantly increased from 54% to 78% by electrolytic pre-lithiation, compared to reference cells without pre-lithiation of Si. 相似文献