纺纱牵伸用铝衬套胶辊表面微观结构相态与成纱质量的关系

采用PiCO-CCD型显微观查仪对国内外7种铝衬套免处理胶辊进行表面放大成像分析,并在细号精梳棉纱上进行对比测试,结合磨砺后的胶辊微观结构相态图像,提出胶辊表面微观结构相态的分散不均衡与细号精梳纱质量存在相关的联系;指出纺织橡胶企业应进一步改善胶辊微观结构相态,从而提升细号精梳纱的品质。     

Electron microscopic determination of orientation

The martensites of titanium binary alloys, containing 1, 2, and 5.3 wt pct Cu, were studied by transmission electron microscopy techniques. Roughly parallel plates with different variants of the orientation relationship, as well as colonies of identical variant plates, prevail in the structures. A stereographic projection analysis of super-imposed diffraction patterns from two adjacent plates is shown to be sufficient for the deduction of the orientation relationship that existed during transformation, which is found to be the Burgers’ relationship -(110)_β∥ (0001)_α′; 〈111〉_β∥ 〈2110〉_α′. A graphical method was developed for the derivation of the habit plane and its particular variant, in spite of the absence of retained β phase in quenched Ti-Cu alloys. The habit plane of Ti-Cu martensite is found to be (1079)_β with 4 deg accuracy, and to best agree with Class A (α^- ω⁺) solution of the Bowles and Mackenzie theory, rather than with (α⁺ ω⁺) or with Class B solutions.     

Naloxone, but not flupenthixol, disrupts the development of conditioned ejaculatory preference in the male rat.

Male rats display a conditioned preference to ejaculate with a female bearing an odor paired previously with copulation to ejaculation. The present study examined the role of endogenous opioid and dopamine systems in this preference. Male rats received saline, the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, or the dopamine receptor antagonist flupenthixol prior to 10 conditioning trials in a pacing chamber with an almond-scented female. On the final test, all males were injected with saline and given access to 2 females, 1 scented and the other unscented, in an open field. Only males injected with naloxone during training failed to manifest a conditioned ejaculatory preference. These findings suggest that activation of opioid, but not dopamine, systems during sexual interaction are necessary for conditioned ejaculatory preference in male rats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Enhanced performance of organic light-emitting diodes by inserting wide-energy-gap interlayer between hole-transport layer and light-emitting layer

We demonstrated that driving voltages, external quantum efficiencies, and power conversion efficiencies of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are improved by inserting a wide-energy-gap interlayer of (4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole)biphenyl (CBP) between a hole-transport layer of N,N-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (α-NPD) and a light-emitting layer of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum. By optimization of CBP thicknesses, the device with a 3-nm-thick CBP layer had the lowest driving voltage and the highest power conversion efficiency among the OLEDs. We attributed these improvements to enhancement of a carrier recombination efficiency and suppression of exciton–polaron annihilation. Moreover, we found that the degradation of the OLEDs is caused by decomposition of CBP molecules and excited-state α-NPD molecules.     

Numerical analysis of similarities of particle behavior in high shear mixer granulators with different vessel sizes

This paper deals with the numerical analysis of kinematic and dynamic similarities of particle behavior in high shear mixer granulators with different vessel sizes. The three-dimensional particle motion in high shear mixer granulators with four different vessel sizes was calculated using a discrete element method (DEM). The geometrically similar mixer granulators equipped with a flat-shaped impeller blade were used as simulated mixer granulators.Kinematic and dynamic similarities of particle behavior in various vessel sizes under a constant normalized agitation power were numerically analyzed. In various vessel sizes, dynamic similarity expressed by the particle collision energy was confirmed under a constant normalized agitation power, while kinematic similarity expressed by the particle velocity was not confirmed. These results indicate that the dynamic similarity should be maintained for successful scale-up of high shear mixer granulators.     

Effect of Introduction of Chloride on the Upconversion Emission Intensity in Er- and Yb-Codoped ZBLAN Fluoride Glasses

The effect of the introduction of chloride or bromide on the upconversion fluorescence intensity in Er- and Yb-codopea ZBLAN fluoride glasses is investigated. The introduction of chloride enhanced the emission intensity by up to about 70% of the initial value at 550 nm for samples excited by a Nd:YAG laser. The addition of bromide increased the emission intensity at 550 nm by about 35%. The enhancement of the emission intensity seems to result from the reduction of the multiphonon relaxation rate.     

Light spot scanner on a gallium arsenide strip

A one dimensional monolithic array of GaAs light emitting PNPN diodes processed on a single crystal strip, intended for use as a flying spot scanner, is proposed. This will be called the Light Spot Scanner (LSS). A bright spot (ON state of the light emitting PNPN diode) shifts from one elementary diode to the next with the aid of a three-phase driving voltage.The experimental GaAs LSS consisted of 100 diode elements. The driving current was within 50–300 mA at voltages ranging from 1.2 to 1.5 volts. The effective light output of 9400 Å wavelength was about 1.5 mW when driven at 50 mA. The maximum scanning speed was 3.0 × 10⁵ elements/sec.     

Cooperative operation of a wind energy conversion system with a hydrogen electrolyzer by using an adjustable speed flywheel generator

Hydrogen is considered as the energy source of the next generation. This paper proposes a system which consists of Flywheel Generator (FWG), Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), and Hydrogen Electrolyzer (HE), for the purpose of hydrogen generation and grid output power smoothing. The cooperative control among flywheel generator, hydrogen electrolyzer, and wind generator is performed by controlling the flywheel generator. Simulations have been done by PSCAD/EMTDC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(3): 19–27, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley. com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20863     

NMR determination of crystallinity for poly(?-l-lysine)

Crystallinity of poly(?-l-lysine) (?-PL) was discussed by analyzing the differences in the ¹H spin-spin relaxation times (T₂^H), the ¹³C spin-lattice relaxation times (T₁^C), and the ¹³C NMR signal shapes between the crystalline and the non-crystalline phases. The observed ¹H relaxation curve (free induction decay followed by solid-echo method) showed the sum of Gaussian and exponential decays. Similarly, the observed ¹³C relaxation curves obtained from the Torchia method were double-exponential. The ¹³C NMR spectrum of ?-PL was divided into the narrow and the broad lines by utilizing the intrinsic differences in the ¹H spin-lattice relaxation times in the rotating-frame between them, which are attributed to the crystalline and the non-crystalline phases, respectively. Even though the crystallinity is obtained from the identical NMR measurements, the estimated values are different with each other. The crystallinity estimated from the T₂^H differences was 75.8 ± 0.1% at 333 K and 60.7 ± 0.4% at 353 K. From the T₁^C differences, the value was estimated to be 62 ± 11%. Furthermore, the value estimated from the NMR signal separation was 54 ± 5%. In this study we have explained these discrepancies by the difference in susceptibility among the experiments for the inter-phase, which exists in-between the crystalline and the amorphous phases. Furthermore, the estimated crystallinity was ascertained by the X-ray diffraction experiment.     

Hydrogen production by autothermal reforming of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons over re-modified Ni/Sr/ZrO2 catalysts

The catalytic autothermal reforming (ATR) of liquid hydrocarbons to provide hydrogen for mobile or stationary fuel cells was carried out over a Ni/Sr/ZrO₂ catalyst that is active for steam reforming (SR). The catalyst system was found to be active for the ATR reaction, although the hydrogen concentration obtained by ATR, under the conditions employed, was a little lower than that for SR. Addition of sulfur, introduced in the form of thiophene, reduced the catalytic stability of Ni/Sr/ZrO₂, even at 1073 K. The catalyst lifetime decreased with increasing sulfur concentration between 0 and 100 ppm. Additives for improving the sulfur-tolerance of Ni/Sr/ZrO₂ were examined, and additions of Re or La were found to be effective in improving the stability of the catalysts. The best catalyst was 5 wt.% Re–Sr/Ni/ZrO₂. This catalyst was used in the ATR of liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as commercial premium gasoline, hydrotreated FCC gasoline, reagent mixtures, and methylcyclohexane. For premium gasoline, the activity remained unchanged during 30 h, but then diminished rapidly. With the other fuels, however, the catalyst showed a much improved performance, indicating that the presence of sulfur could be associated with catalyst stability. ATR coupled with the water–gas shift reaction led to a reduction in the CO concentration by up to 2800 ppm. The catalyst's activity remained constant even after cold-start runs with 853–423–853 K temperature cycles under H₂O/O₂/N₂ conditions. Thus, the Re–Sr/Ni/ZrO₂ catalyst is effective for ATR of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Further work is currently under way to extend the catalyst life.