Topological measurement of deep neural networks using persistent homology

Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence - The inner representation of deep neural networks (DNNs) is indecipherable, which makes it difficult to tune DNN models, control their training...     

Selective and in-situ determination of carbonate and oxide particles in aqueous solution using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for wearable information equipment

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied for quantitative analysis of Al₂O₃, CaCO₃ and MgO particles suspended in water. In the single elemental system, the plasma emission intensities of Al, Ca and Mg were linearly increased with concentration of elements in the range of 1.0×10^?5–1.0×10^?3  M, 1.0×10^?4–2.0×10^?3 M and 8.0×10^?5 –4.0×10^?3 M, respectively. We also investigated the concentration dependence of breakdown spectra for suspended mixtures of Al₂O₃, CaCO₃ and MgO particles. The emission lines, such as Al I, Ca I, Ca II and Mg I, were appeared in the LIBS spectrum simultaneously, and each emission peak could be deconvoluted. The plasma emission intensities of Al, Ca and Mg in the multielemental system were also linearly increased with their concentrations in the range of 1.0×10^?5–1.0×10^?3 M, 1.0×10^?4–2.0×10^?3 M and 4.0×10^?4–2.0×10^?3 M, respectively. LIBS was found to be available for quantitative and qualitative measurement of the concentrations of Al₂O₃, CaCO₃ and MgO particles suspended in water. The present results suggest that LIBS is a potentially useful tool for in-situ analysis on particles composition and concentrations for environmental monitoring by the wearable information equipments.     

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations of the NMR chemical shieldings for mannose and mannobiose

The ¹³C and ¹H NMR shielding constants for -methylmannose and -methylmannobiose have been calculated using the ab initio gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) method to study the conformational dependencies of the NMR chemical shifts of the sugars. The molecular structures were fully optimized using B3LYP/6-31G^* and the NMR shielding constants were calculated at both Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional (DF) levels of theory with various kinds of basis sets. The values determined using the B3LYP hybrid functional were a little closer to those obtained experimentally than those determined at the HF level. Both, HF and B3LYP with the 6-311+G(2d,p) basis were found to give a very good correlation between the experimental and calculated shielding constants, especially for ¹³C.     

About the Method of Thermoreactive Electrospark Surface Strengthening

The method of Thermoreactive Electrospark Surface Strengthening (TRESS) is presented in this work. Thus the process of coating formation becomes a less energy consuming one as compared to the basic technology of the electrospark alloying. The additional heat of the chemical reaction of the synthesis final products formation on the substrate contribute to the increase of thickness and continuity of the coating, to the diminution of the inner tension due to the smoother concentration gradients through the coating thickness. The opportunities of TRESS method are exposed with the example of the FGM wear- and heat-resistant coating formation on the base of NiAl, TiAl. FGM diamond containing coatings production by the said method is presented. Optimal conditions and technological parameters for diamond containing coatings deposition is found. The masstransfer kinetics, the coating structure and properties were studied.     

A formalization for the specification and systematic generation of computer graphics systems

A formalization of graphical processes in computer graphics systems is presented in terms of functions and their system of axioms. The concept of the viewing pipeline is formalized as operation sequence which is a sequential composition of graphical elementary operations. The formalization includes two kinds of operation sequences which are used as the formal specifications of graphics systems and display devices. In order to generate a graphics system using a display device, we introduced the concept of functionality-preserving transformation of operation sequences in terms of various types of commutations among primitive operations. A type of transformation, which is called extraction, plays a central role in the generation algorithm.     

Effects of 4He impurities on 3He nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in hcp solid 3He

Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation properties of hcp solid ³He with ⁴He impurities have been studied. At temperatures below the exchange plateau region, three kinds of relaxation time were observed. To analyze the data, a phenomenological four-bath model was developed, the four baths being the Zeeman bath, the phonon bath, an X-bath, and a Y-bath. The X-bath consists of the exchange bath and a part of the ⁴He-⁴He elastic interaction bath. The Y-bath is the main part of the elastic interaction bath. We measured the concentration dependence of the energy constants of all the baths, as well as the temperature and concentration dependences of the three kinds of relaxation time. The relaxation behavior corresponding to the process between the X-bath and the Y-bath could not be expressed by a single exponential function of time and the relaxation rate was strongly dependent on the concentration. This process may be related to the internal thermal equilibrium process within the elastic interaction bath. The impurity-dependent relaxation time between the X-bath and the phonon bath had a temperature dependence of T ^–n with n = 7.4±0.3.     

DC interruption characteristic of vacuum circuit breaker

A high‐speed vacuum circuit breaker (HSVCB) has been investigated. HSVCB makes high‐frequency current superimposed on a fault current so that the current is forced to be zero and is interrupted. Its interruption performance is considered to be dependent on the rate of change of the current (di/dt). As a fundamental research, we investigated the di/dt– dv/dt characteristics and the insulation recovery characteristic after interrupting the counter‐pulse current for various contact materials of AgWC, CuW, and CuCr. The results revealed that the case where the gap length is larger is better in a current interruption performance. Moreover, it was found that di/dt is not dependent on the insulation recovery characteristics, but the magnitude of interruption current is of great influence. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(1): 17– 25, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20362     

Resonance surface X-ray scattering technique to determine the structure of electrodeposited Pt ultrathin layers on Au(1 1 1) surface

It is demonstrated that resonance surface X-ray scattering (RSXS), in which incident X-ray energy close to the Pt L_III absorption edge (11.55 keV) is used, is very useful for the determination of the structure of electrodeposited Pt thin layers on a Au(1 1 1) surface. This technique was applied to characterize the structure of electrodeposited Pt layers on Au(1 1 1) substrates prepared under two extreme conditions, which are known to provide rough and atomically flat layers. Detailed structural information was obtained by RSXS measurements and it was confirmed that the structures of the Pt layers were as reported. Pt atoms of the atomically flat monolayer were found to be situated at the threefold hollow cubic closest packing (ccp) sites of the Au(1 1 1)-(1 × 1) surface.