从过程价值的角度出发对集成的客户方案进行定价

Integrating products and services to customized solutions can help firms to differentiate from their competitors. In practice, however, various companies fall short in extracting value from their customers. Therefore this paper focuses on pricing aspects as central means for value appropriation in the context of solutions. Following the resource-based view of the firm, we adopt a process-oriented perspective on pricing practices in order to identify crucial factors and activities. Based on 15 in-depth interviews with practitioners from various industries we derive six steps of a price management process for value appropriation in the context of solution selling and present critical activities and routines within each step.     

From IMS Management to SOA Based NGN Management

Although IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) based Next Generation Networks (NGNs) are already emerging as the common session control platform for converging fixed, mobile and cable networks, harmonized solutions for the management of these converged platforms have still got to be developed. This document describes a hands-on approach to NGN Management. Started with IMS specific management systems, succeeding research had to take into account the importance of the management of NGN SDPs as well. This work shows that the hybrid nature of an NGN, where services can be delivered at the IMS layer, by SIP signaling mechanisms, as well as at the SDP, via Web Services, requires a harmonized management approach. Taking into account Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) principles and policy based model driven architectures, this work shows that a unification of service composition and service management already at the workflow creation level, bares significant benefits in terms of automation and harmonization. Following the SOA paradigm, the approach presented here does not differentiate between business process management (BPM) and management process management. Focusing on Telemanagement Forum’s enhanced Telecom Operations Map service fulfillment and service assurance operations, this document describes an New Generation Software and Services (NGOSS) based implementation of a unified Operation Support System (OSS) for NGNs that encompasses many problems of former stovepipe management solutions in terms of automation, flexibility and manageability.     

Versioning XML-based office documents

The ability to reliably merge independent updates of a document is a crucial prerequisite to efficient collaboration in office work. However, merge support for common office document standards like OpenDocument or OfficeOpenXML is still in its infancy. In this paper, we present a consistent versioning model for XML documents in general including merge support. This is achieved by using context-aware fingerprints that identify edit operations and allow for a conflict detection. We show how to extract tracked changes from office documents and map them on our delta model. Experimental results indicate that our fingerprinting technique is efficient and reliable.     

Interactive survival analysis with the OCDM system: From development to application

Medical data mining is currently actively pursued in computer science and statistical research but not in medical practice. The reasons therefore lie in the difficulties of handling and statistically analyzing medical data. We have developed a system that allows practitioners in the field to interactively analyze their data without assistance of statisticians or data mining experts. In the course of this paper we will introduce data mining of medical data and show how this can be achieved for survival data. We will demonstrate how to solve common problems of interactive survival analysis by presenting the Online Clinical Data Mining (OCDM) system. Thereby the main focus is on similarity based queries, a new method to select similar cases based on their covariables and the influence of these on their survival.     

Negotiating SLAs-An Approach for a Generic Negotiation Framework for WS-Agreement

The current Web Services Agreement specification draft proposes a simple request-response protocol for agreement creation only addressing bilateral offer exchanges. This paper proposes a framework augmenting this WS-Agreement to enable negotiations according to a variety of bilateral and multilateral negotiation protocols. The framework design is based on a thorough analysis of taxonomies for negotiations from the literature in order to allow for capturing a variety of different negotiation models within a single, WS-Agreement compatible, framework. In order to provide for the intended flexibility, the proposed protocol takes a two-stage approach: a meta-protocol is conducted among interested parties to agree on a common negotiation protocol first before the real negotiation is carried out in the second step due to the protocol established in the first step.     

Solid Ink Laser Patterning for High-Resolution Information Labels with Supervised Learning Readout

Tagging, tracking, or validation of products are often facilitated by inkjet-printed optical information labels. However, this requires thorough substrate pretreatment, ink optimization, and often lacks in printing precision/resolution. Herein, a printing method based on laser-driven deposition of solid polymer ink that allows for printing on various substrates without pretreatment is demonstrated. Since the deposition process has a precision of <1 µm, it can introduce the concept of sub-positions with overlapping spots. This enables high-resolution fluorescent labels with comparable spot-to-spot distance of down to 15 µm (444,444 spots cm⁻²) and rapid machine learning-supported readout based on low-resolution fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, the defined thickness of the printed polymer ink spots can be used to fabricate multi-channel information labels. Additional information can be stored in different fluorescence channels or in a hidden topography channel of the label that is independent of the fluorescence.     

A comprehensive survey of industry practice in real-time systems

Real-Time Systems - This paper presents results and observations from a survey of 120 industry practitioners in the field of real-time embedded systems. The survey provides insights into the...     

Biofunctionalized upconverting CaF<Subscript>2</Subscript>:Yb,Tm nanoparticles for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida albicans</Emphasis> detection and imaging

Versatile optimization of the synthesis method and composition of Yb3+ and Tm3+ co-doped CaF2 nanoparticles as well as a novel biofunctionalization method were developed and evaluated.Through multistep synthesis,the luminescence intensity of the Tm3+ activator was enhanced by more than 10-fold compared to standard one-step synthesis.The proposed methods were used to homogenously distribute the doping ions within the nanoparticle's volume and thus reduce luminescence quenching.Optimization of dopant ions concentration led to the selection of the most efficient visible and near-infrared up-converting nanoparticles,which were CaF2 doped with 10％ Yb3+ 0.05％ Tm3+ and 20％ Yb3+ 0.5％ Tm3+,respectively.To illustrate the suitability of the synthesized nanoparticles as bio-labels,a dedicated biofunctionalization method was used,and the nanoparticles were applied for labeling and imaging of Candida albicans cells.This method shows great promise because of extremely low background and high specificity because of the presence of the attached molecules.     

Bamboo reinforced concrete: a critical review

The use of small diameter whole-culm (bars) and/or split bamboo (a.k.a. splints or round strips) has often been proposed as an alternative to relatively expensive reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete. The motivation for such replacement is typically cost—bamboo is readily available in many tropical and sub-tropical locations, whereas steel reinforcement is relatively more expensive—and more recently, the drive to find more sustainable alternatives in the construction industry. This review addresses such ‘bamboo-reinforced concrete’ and assesses its structural and environmental performance as an alternative to steel reinforced concrete. A prototype three bay portal frame, that would not be uncommon in regions of the world where bamboo-reinforced concrete may be considered, is used to illustrate bamboo reinforced concrete design and as a basis for a life cycle assessment of the same. The authors conclude that, although bamboo is a material with extraordinary mechanical properties, its use in bamboo-reinforced concrete is an ill-considered concept, having significant durability, strength and stiffness issues, and does not meet the environmentally friendly credentials often attributed to it.