利用不稳定压力数据建立碳酸盐岩储集层模型

地质模型通常是根据地质信息,利用地球物理和岩石物理资料来建立.为了建立准确的碳酸盐岩油藏(伊朗海上油田)模型,不仅利用了地震和测井数据,也结合了该油田现有99井次的试井数据.在试井解释过程中观察到了许多特征,如封闭断层、水层、裂缝和分层系统,其中某些特征只能利用压力瞬态数据来识别,如地震数据中观察不到的一条封闭断层在试井曲线上则可识别.除了识别构造特征外,试井解释得到的渗透率数据也可用于绘制渗透率等值线图,而不再采用岩心分析得到的渗透率数据.试井得到的渗透率是泄油区域的有效渗透率,而岩心分析得到的渗透率并不能代表非均质油藏的渗透性.利用非稳态压力分析结果建立油藏模型,可以提高碳酸盐岩油藏建模的准确性.图6表1参8     

Numerical study of n-heptane/benzene separation by thermal diffusion column

In this article,numerical simulations are performed to investigate the performance of the thermal diffusion column for the separation of n-heptane/benzene mixture.The present work tried to optimize column by analyzing significant parameters such as feed flow rate,temperature and cut.In order to obtain the hydrodynamic and temperature and mass distribution inside thermal diffusion column,computational fluid dynamic(CFD) method is applied to solve the Navier-Stocks equations.Numerical simulations are conducted to study the main parameters in both stationary and time-dependent conditions.By using the separation work unit as a function of cut,the optimal cut for maximum SWU occurs within a limited range of 0.47-0.5 for feed rate between 0.5 and 4 g min-1.Our findings reveal that the optimum feed rate in the range of optimum cut is about 1 g min~(-1).In transient study,results show that the best cut for reaching to steady-state condition is θ=0.5.     

Acrylamide in Foods: Chemistry and Analysis. A Review

Acrylamide is a potential cause of a wide spectrum of toxic effects and is classified as probably “carcinogenic in humans”. The discovery of acrylamide in human foods has given rise to extensive studies exploring its formation mechanisms and levels of exposure and has spurred search into suitable analytical procedures for its determination in foodstuffs. However, the exact chemical mechanisms governing acrylamide formation are not yet known and cheap, convenient, and rapid screening methods are still to be developed. Acrylamide in food is produced by heat-induced reactions between the amino group of asparagine and the carbonyl group of reducing sugars along with thermal treatment of early Maillard reaction products (N-glycosides). Similarly, the decarboxylated Schiff base and decarboxylated Amadori compounds of asparagine as well as the Strecker aldehyde have been proposed as direct precursors and intermediates of acrylamide. Corresponding chromatographic methods are used to determine various structural groups present in Maillard reaction model systems. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis are both acknowledged as the main, useful, and authoritative methods for acrylamide determination. This review is an attempt to summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge of acrylamide chemistry, formation mechanisms, and analytical methods. Special attention is given to comparison of different chromatographic techniques, particularly the novel, simple, and low-cost methods of its determination.     

Improving the functionality of biodegradable food packaging materials via porous nanomaterials

Non-biodegradability and disposal problems are the major challenges associated with synthetic plastic packaging. This review article discusses a new generation of biodegradable active and smart packaging based on porous nanomaterials (PNMs), which maintains the quality and freshness of food products while meeting biodegradability requirements. PNMs have recently gained significant attention in the field of food packaging due to their large surface area, peculiar structures, functional flexibility, and thermal stability. We present for the first time the recently published literature on the incorporation of various PNMs into renewable materials to develop advanced, environmentally friendly, and high-quality packaging technology. Various emerging packaging technologies are discussed in this review, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, it provides general information about PNMs, their characterization, and fabrication methods. It also briefly describes the effects of different PNMs on the functionality of biopolymeric films. Furthermore, we examined how smart packaging loaded with PNMs can improve food shelf life and reduce food waste. The results indicate that PNMs play a critical role in improving the antimicrobial, thermal, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of natural packaging materials. These tailor-made materials can simultaneously extend the shelf life of food while reducing plastic usage and food waste.     

A circuit-level methodology for leakage power reduction of high-efficient compressors in 22-nm CMOS technology

Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing - A new circuit-level methodology called input controlled leakage restrainer transistor (ICLRT) compatible with single threshold CMOS technology is...     

Measurement of Consumed Energy Due to the Two-Phase Pressure Drop in a Pulsed Semi-Industrial Column: Effect of Geometry

This article deals with the evaluation of pressure drop and consumption of energy for a steady-state solvent extraction in a horizontal pulsed sieve-plate column, which are important for the design and optimization of the periodic-flow processes for industrial applications. In this study, the pressure drop and the position of loading points are investigated. Moreover, a mathematical evaluation on the energy consumption in the case of a pulsed flow is conducted, and besides the influence of pulsation intensity, the effect of geometrical parameters including the plate spacing and plate-free area is investigated as well. The results of this study are helpful for optimization of column geometry targeted to higher performance and lower energy consumption.     

Bearing capacity of horizontally layered geosynthetic reinforced stone columns

In very soft soils, the bearing capacity of stone columns may not improve significantly due to very low confinement of the surrounding soil. Therefore, they may be reinforced with geosynthetics by using vertical encasement or horizontal layers. Very limited studies exist on horizontally reinforced stone columns (HRSCs). In this research, some large body laboratory tests have been performed on horizontally reinforced stone columns with diameters of 60, 80, and 100?mm and groups of stone columns with 60?mm diameter. Results show that the bearing capacity of stone columns increases by using horizontally reinforcing layers. Also, they reduce lateral bulging of stone columns by their frictional and interlocking effects with stone column aggregates. Finally, numerical analyses were carried out to study main affecting parameters on the bearing capacity of HRSCs. Numerical analysis results show that the bearing capacity increases considerably with increasing the number of horizontal layers and decreasing space between layers.     

Silicon Nanoparticles Produced by Two-Step Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Ablation in Ethanol for Enhanced Blue Emission Properties

In this work, we introduce a facile method of laser ablation to synthesize silicon rich oxide nanoparticles colloid with blue-green emissions. The method includes a two-step nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of silicon in ethanol. First, the micro-porous layer is formed on the silicon surface by laser ablation of the target, followed by ablating the oxidized micro-porous silicon to prepare the nanoparticles dispersed in ethanol. The nanoparticles interface structure exhibit the crystalline of quartz and non-stoichiometric oxide in suboxide phase of the SiO1.5 as examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction pattern. Study of the colloid photoluminescence properties reveals that the coupling of silicon nanocrystals and interfacial states may play important role in the blue emission mechanism of the colloid. Our results support that the radiative recombination at the interfacial localized states of Si/SiO1.5 can easily occur in the colloid resulting the blue emission peak at the wavelength of 425 nm. In other words, a more effective pathway is provided for excited electrons in the colloid including occurrence of excitations in silicon nanocrystal states and emission in the interfacial states. This method avoids any toxic by-product during the synthesis of colloid and can be used for the commercial-scale production of silicon nanoparticles as the blue emission material.     

Effects of yoghurt butter oils on rat plasma lipids,haematology and liver histology parameters in a 150‐day study

Although yoghurt butter oil as a fermented dairy product is widely consumed in several countries, its metabolic effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, male Wistar rats were treated with standard diet, standard diet enriched with 10% or 20% (W/W) of either cow yoghurt butter oil (CYBO), sheep yoghurt butter oil (SYBO) or cottonseed oil (COT) for 20 weeks. Treatment of rats with CYBO or SYBO (at both concentrations) did not significantly influence haematological parameters, plasma lipids and liver histological structure. However, in contrast to popular belief, COT treatment at the higher dose induced leukocytosis, dyslipidaemia and liver steatosis.