Ultrasound in the study of gynecologic neoplasms

The authors discuss the state-of-the-art of ultrasound diagnosis for pelvic swellings, with special reference to uterine and ovarian cancer. They review the applications of Eco colour Doppler in gynecological oncology and discuss the protocols for the prevention and/or early diagnosis of gynecological tumours.     

Adaptive output tracking for a class of non‐linear time‐delay systems

In this paper the output tracking control problem for a class of non‐linear time delay systems with some unknown constant parameters is addressed. Such a problem is solved in the case that the non‐linear time‐delay system has full delay relative degree and stable internal dynamics. It is supposed moreover that the output and its time derivatives until n?1, where n is the length of the state vector (euclidean part), do not depend explicitly on the unknown parameters. This work is the first step towards the application of the methodologies of adaptive control for non‐linear delayless systems, based on tools of differential geometry, to non‐linear time‐delay systems too. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Alpha and omega: studying resuscitation at the beginning and end stages of life

BACKGROUND: To clarify whether or not multiple pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer are contraindicated for a surgical resection, we retrospectively evaluated the influence of the number of pulmonary metastases on both the postthoracotomy survival and the pattern of the first failure. METHODS: From 1981 to 1993, 36 patients underwent a complete resection for pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer. RESULTS: Of the various factors investigated including gender, primary site, disease-free interval, tumor size, the number of metastases, type of resection, and the history of hepatic metastases, only the number of pulmonary metastases was found to be significantly related to postthoracotomy survival. The rate of disease-free survival at 5 years was 62% for solitary metastasis (n = 17), 35% for two metastases (n = 8), and 0% for four or more metastases (n = 11). The pattern of failure also differed according to the number of pulmonary metastases. In particular, the incidence of local recurrence at the primary site increased with the number of pulmonary metastases (ie, 1 of 17 patients with a solitary metastasis, 3 of 8 with two metastases, and 6 of 11 with four or more metastases). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that multiple metastases might indicate the presence of local recurrence at the primary site; therefore, in cases of multiple pulmonary metastases, the primary site should be thoroughly explored.     

LC‐active VCO for CMOS RF transceivers

A novel fully integrated CMOS LC tank VCO is presented. The LC tanks are implemented by exploiting the active circuit ‘boot‐strapped inductor’ (BSI), which behaves like a high‐quality factor inductor. Particularly, the LC tanks have been implemented by introducing a new version of the CMOS BSI circuit, which provides better versatility and design reliability. In order to verify the effectiveness of such an approach, a case study for 5–6 GHz direct‐conversion multi‐standard WLAN transceivers is presented. The VCO has been designed in a 0.35µm standard CMOS technology. The new BSI exhibits a high‐quality factor (higher than 25 over the all frequency range) and provides a high selectivity without introducing a relevant excess of noise, for a better spectral purity and a lower phase noise (PN) of the VCO. The overall VCO circuit consumes 9 mW. The VCO produces an oscillation in the tuning range from 4.91 to 5.93 GHz (nearly equal to 19%). The circuit exhibits a PN of ?129dBc/Hz at 1 MHz of frequency offset from the central frequency (5.4 GHz) and a FOM equal to 189.5 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and 194.1 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz of frequency offset, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface analysis and osteoblasts response of a titanium oxi-carbide film deposited on titanium by ion plating plasma assisted (IPPA)

Titanium is the most widely used material in orthopaedic and dental implantoprosthesis due to its superior physical properties and enhanced biocompatibility due to the spontaneous formation of a passivating layer of titanium oxides which, however, does not form good chemical bonds with bone and tends to brake exposing bulk titanium to harsh body fluids releasing titanium particles which may prime an inflammation response and a fibrotic tissue production. In order to avoid these possible problems and to enhance the biocompatibility of titanium implants, modifications of titanium surfaces by many different materials as hydroxyapatite, titanium nitride, titanium oxide and titanium carbide have been proposed. The latter is shown to be an efficient protection for the titanium implant in the harsh conditions of biological tissues and, compared to untreated titanium, acting like an osteoblast stimulation factor increasing in vitro production of proteins involved in osteogenesis. These results were confirmed by in vivo experiments in rabbits: implants covered by the titanium carbide (TiC) layer were faster and better osseointegrated than untreated titanium implants. The TiC layer was deposited by a Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) device which allowed only one deposition per cycle, shown to be unsuitable for industrial applications. Therefore the main objective of the present work was to replace PLD process with an Ion Plating Plasma Assisted (IPPA) deposition process, which is suitable for industrial upgrading. By this technique, nanostructured TiOx-TiCy-C has been deposited on titanium after sandblasting with 120 micron zirconia spheres. XPS analyses revealed the presence of about 33% carbon (50% of which is present as free carbon), 39% oxygen and 28% titanium (37% of which is bound to carbon to form TiC and 63% is bound to oxygen to form non stoichiometric oxides). Surface mechanical response of as-deposited coatings has been performed by nanoindentation techniques. Focused Ion Beam micrographs showed bigger differences on the obtained nanostructure compared to the PLD coating structure; in vitro tests confirm for IPPA produced coatings an improvement in stimulating osteoblasts to produce mRNA's of proteins involved in the ossification process, this latter case they resulted to be faster and more efficient. The proposed treatement is expected to improve the good results obtained by PLD, in vivo as well.     

Evaluation of the Molecular Landscape in PD-L1 Positive Metastatic NSCLC: Data from Campania,Italy

Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have increased and improved the treatment options for patients with non-oncogene-addicted advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of ICIs in oncogene-addicted advanced stage NSCLC patients is still debated. In this study, in an attempt to fill in the informational gap on the effect of ICIs on other driver mutations, we set out to provide a molecular landscape of clinically relevant oncogenic drivers in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive NSCLC patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on 167 advanced stage NSCLC PD-L1 positive patients (≥1%) who were referred to our clinic for molecular evaluation of five driver oncogenes, namely, EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ALK and ROS1. Results: Interestingly, n = 93 (55.7%) patients showed at least one genomic alteration within the tested genes. Furthermore, analyzing a subset of patients with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50% and concomitant gene alterations (n = 8), we found that n = 3 (37.5%) of these patients feature clinical benefit with ICIs administration, despite the presence of a concomitant KRAS gene alteration. Conclusions: In this study, we provide a molecular landscape of clinically relevant biomarkers in NSCLC PD-L1 positive patients, along with data evidencing the clinical benefit of ICIs in patient NSCLC PD-L1 positive alterations.     

Behavior analysis of TCP Linux variants

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is used by the vast majority of Internet applications. Since its introduction in the 1970s, a lot of variants have been proposed to cope with the different network conditions we can have (e.g., wired networks, wireless networks, satellite links) and nowadays Linux OS includes 13 different TCP variants.The aim of this paper is to offer a comparative analysis of the behavior of the different TCP Linux variants, in terms of throughput, fairness, and friendliness.