Removal of Copper Ions from Waters Using Surfactant-Enhanced Hybrid PAC/MF Process

This paper deals with the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by using surfactant-enhanced powdered activated carbon (PAC)/microfiltration (MF) hybrid process, including the evaluation of process performance and fouling dynamics at various linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LABS), PAC, and Cu2+ concentrations of feed solution. Although the use of surfactant as an additive material increased the adsorption efficiency in PAC/MF hybrid process, a considerable amount of the flux was lost for surfactant concentration above critical micelle concentration. The process could be employed with a performance of 74.7%, 97.2% and 87?L/m2?h for LABS rejection, Cu2+ rejection and permeate flux at the conditions of 2?g PAC/L, 5?mM LABS, 0.2?mM Cu2+, and 60-min process time. Cu2+ rejection, which increased with increasing of LABS, and PAC amounts decreased with the increase in Cu2+ concentration. It was understood that the increments in LABS, PAC, and Cu2+ concentrations being an indicator for the feed solution quality led to the occurrence of more fouling on the membrane. The analyses of dynamics concerning the fouling behaviors, which were carried out using single and combined pore blocking models, put forward that the cake formation was the main predominant mechanism in the process. It was also determined that the variation of feed contents deduced the presence of rather complex fouling behaviors as a simultaneous function of secondary membrane layer formation and clogging and narrowing of membrane pores by surfactants.     

Secondary energy resources in viscose fibre manufacturing

Conclusions An assessment of local exhausts in the manufacture of viscose fibre has been carried out.Thermotechnical properties of the local exhausts have been calculated.It has been found that exhausts from the lossening tank and finishing solution tanks, spent dryer air, and the off-gas from the unit for contact evaporation of precipitation bath are secondary energy resources in viscose fibre manufacture.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 18–20, November–December, 1988.     

Alcoholism and substance abuse training: A survey of graduate programs in clinical psychology.

Surveyed the American Psychological Association's approved clinical training programs in an attempt to quantify the extent of research activity, clinical course work, and clinical training offered or required of graduate students in the areas of alcoholism and abuse of other mood-altering substances. The low level of training in the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of substance abuse was viewed as disproportionately low relative to the magnitude of these problems. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Olfactory discrimination of aliphatic odorants in South African fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus).

Using a food-rewarded, two-choice, instrumental conditioning paradigm we assessed the ability of South African fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus, to discriminate between members of five chemical classes of aliphatic odorants presumed to differ in their abundance in the marine chemical environment. We found that the fur seals were able to distinguish between 24 of the 25 odor pairs presented and thus have a well-developed ability to discriminate between structurally related odorants, that aliphatic n-acetic esters were significantly more poorly discriminated by the fur seals than aliphatic n-aldehydes and n-carboxylic acids, and a lack of correlations between discrimination performance and structural similarity of odorants in terms of differences in carbon chain length. These results suggest that the sense of smell may play an important and hitherto underestimated role in regulating the behavior of fur seals. Further, they support the notion that regular connections between the perceived quality of odorants and their molecular structural properties are not a general phenomenon but appear to be odorant class- and species-specific. Our data support the hypothesis that a species' chemical environment may affect its olfactory capabilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf as a waste by‐product of table olive and olive oil industry: a review

Research into finding new uses for by‐products of table olive and olive oil industry are of great value not only to the economy but also to the environment where olives are grown and to the human health. Since leaves represent around 10% of the total weight of olives arriving at the mill, it is worth obtaining high added‐value compounds from those materials for the preparation of dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, functional food ingredients or cosmeceuticals. In this review article, olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf is reviewed as being a potential inexpensive, renewable and abundant source of biophenols. The importance of this agricultural and industrial waste is emphasised by means of describing its availability, nutritional and therapeutic effects and studies conducted on this field. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

An improved lumped element nonlinear circuit model for a circular CMUT cell

This paper describes a correction and an extension in the previously published large signal equivalent circuit model for a circular capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) cell. The force model is rederived so that the energy and power is preserved in the equivalent circuit model. The model is able to predict the entire behavior of CMUT until the membrane touches the substrate. Many intrinsic properties of the CMUT cell, such as the collapse condition, collapse voltage, the voltage-displacement interrelation and the force equilibrium before and after collapse voltage in the presence of external static force, are obtained as a direct consequence of the model. The small signal equivalent circuit for any bias condition is obtained from the large signal model. The model can be implemented in circuit simulation tools and model predictions are in excellent agreement with finite element method simulations.