Determination of concentration regions of existence of ternary azeotropes: Systems showing mixed deviations from ideal behavior

Regions of possible existence of ternary azeotropes are located in three-component systems whose binary liquid phases show mixed deviations from ideal behavior.     

Analogues of K = 1 and α = 1 manifolds in multicomponent fractional distillation

Analogues of K = 1 and α = 1 lines for the dynamic systems of batch distillation and continuous fractional distillations at infinite and minimum reflux ratios are considered. Along with singular points, these analogues constitute the structure of phase portraits of the dynamic systems.     

Special cases of determination of the minimum reflux ratio for distillation of binary mixtures

Specific features of the representation of liquid-vapor equilibrium data for binary mixtures and the realization of a pinch regime in minimum reflux calculations are considered. The pinch regime at minimum reflux is possible provided that the second derivative of the vapor composition with respect to the liquid composition is positive between the composition of the final product and the feed composition.     

Classification of the Phase Diagrams of Real Batch Distillation

A model is suggested and all possible phase diagrams are constructed for real batch distillation. The model suggested is topologically similar to the model of open equilibrium evaporation: both are characterized by the same singular points and unity K-and -lines.     

Properties of Diagrams of Equilibrium Open Evaporation Accompanied by Instantaneous Chemical Reactions

The rules of embedding various chemical equilibrium manifolds into a concentration simplex are established. An approach to the synthesis of equilibrium distillation diagrams for the instantaneous reaction A₁ + A₂ A₃ + A₄ is suggested. The number of possible diagram types is determined, and diagram classification is reported.     

Determination of concentration regions of existence of ternary azeotropes: II. Systems showing unlike deviations from ideal behavior

Regions of the possible existence of ternary azeotropes in systems showing unlike deviations of binary constituents from the Raoult-Dalton law are revealed by analyzing the concentration dependence of complexes of the activity coefficients at infinite dilution.     

Euler characteristic as a structural invariant of the phase diagrams of multicomponent multiphase systems

A new approach to analysis of the phase diagrams of splitting systems is suggested. The approach is based on a graph theoretical examination of the topological structure of phase separation diagrams. The possible quaternary splitting systems have been analyzed using the new approach.