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191.
Pontus Johnson Maria Eugenia Iacob Margus Välja Marten van Sinderen Christer Magnusson Tobias Ladhe 《Information Systems and E-Business Management》2014,12(4):567-593
In the design phase of business collaboration, it is desirable to be able to predict the profitability of the business-to-be. Therefore, techniques to assess qualities such as costs, revenues, risks, and profitability have been previously proposed. However, they do not allow the modeler to properly manage uncertainty with respect to the design of the considered business collaboration. In many real collaboration projects today, uncertainty regarding the business’ present or future characteristics is so significant that ignoring it becomes problematic. In this paper, we propose an approach based on the predictive, probabilistic architecture modeling framework (P2AMF), capable of advanced and probabilistically sound reasoning about profitability risks. The P2AMF-based approach for profitability risk prediction is also based on the e3-value modeling language and on the object constraint language. The paper introduces the prediction and modeling approach, and a supporting software tool. The use of the approach is illustrated by means of a case study originated from the Stockholm Royal Seaport smart city project. 相似文献
192.
Isidoro Izquierdo Cubero Maria T. Plaza López-Espinosa Rafael Acuña Castillo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1991,17(8):1529-1541
The synthesis of the title compound13 has been carried out through the preparation of its precursor, (3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (6), obtained fromd-fructose using Wittig's methodology, reduction, and spiroketalation. Compound6 was transformed into13 by a Barton deoxygenation at C-5 followed by a Corey dideoxygenation at C-3,4 of the appropriately protected derivatives.Enantiospecific synthesis of spiroacetals. Part II. For Part I, see Izquierdo and Plaza (1990). 相似文献
193.
Erika Carneiro Riqueza Alcino Palermo de Aguiar Luiz Claudio Santa Maria Mônica Regina Marques Palermo de Aguiar 《Polymer Bulletin》2002,48(4-5):407-414
Summary
The preparation of a chelating ion-exchange network based on acrylonitrile was carried out by chemical modification with hydroxylamine.
The beads of resin were synthesized by aqueous suspension copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN), styrene (STY) and divinylbenzene
(DVB). The influence of diluent used in the suspension polymerization on the structure of the resulting copolymers was evaluated.
The diluents employed were heptane (HEP), toluene (TOL) and anisole (ANI). It was found that the AN incorporation into copolymer
structure was dependent on the diluent used. Conversion of nitrile groups into the amidoxime was conducted by treatment with
hydroxylamine under alkaline solution. The resins were characterized by apparent density, surface area, average pore diameter,
elemental analysis (CHN), FTIR and optical microscopy. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to control the porosity
by diluent employed in the synthesis and to modify chemically a resin containing nitrile groups by hydroxylamine reaction.
Received: 6 October 2001/Revised version: 2 April 2002/ Accepted: 11 April 2002 相似文献
194.
Why Phenolic Acids Are Unlikely Primary Allelochemicals in Rice 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Olofsdotter M Rebulanan M Madrid A Dali W Navarez D Olk DC 《Journal of chemical ecology》2002,28(1):229-242
Allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa, L.) effective against weeds has been found in about 3.5% of tested rice germplasm in both laboratory and field experimentation. However, the allelochemicals responsible for growth inhibition of rice-associated weeds have not yet been identified. In the literature, phenolic acids are often mentioned as putative allelochemicals. If phenolic acids commonly reach growth inhibitory concentrations in rice ecosystems, it must be expected that the degree of tolerance to phenolic acids will vary among traditional rice cultivars or plant species adapted to rice environments having inherently different phenolic acid concentrations. Phenolic acids concentrations are normally greater in submerged than in aerobic soils. A dose–response study, however, showed that seedlings of rice cultivars adapted to submerged anaerobic soils did not have higher level of tolerance against p-hydroxybenzoic acid than did seedlings of varieties adapted to aerobic upland soils. Moreover, traditional rice cultivars had no greater tolerance than did improved cultivars that were recently bred for traits other than tolerance of phenolic acids. Similarly, there were no differences in tolerance of p-hydroxybenzoic acid between two Echinochloa weed species adapted to either anaerobic or aerobic growth conditions. Thus, neither the rice cultivars nor weed species had evolved different tolerance levels against the phenolic acid. However, all rice cultivars had significantly greater tolerance of p-hydroxybenzoic acid than did either weed species. In a second experiment, the rates at which rice plants released phenolic acids into solution cultures were measured for at least one month, the time period of greatest allelopathic activity following planting under field conditions. The maximum release rate of phenolic acids during the first month of growth was approximately 10 g/plant/day. At a conventional plant density, the release rate of phenolic acids would be approximately 1 mg/m2day. This order of release rate cannot provide concentrations remotely close to phytotoxic levels determined for these rice cultivars and weed species. The results presented in this paper do not preclude the possibility that phenolic acids might be one component in a mixture of chemicals that, when present simultaneously, are allelopathic. 相似文献
195.
John J. Petrovic Maria I. Pena H. Harriett Kung 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1997,80(5):1111-1116
Details of the fabrication and microstructures of hot-pressed MoSi2 reinforced–Si3 N4 matrix composites were investigated as a function of MoSi2 phase size and volume fraction, and amount of MgO densification aid. No reactions were observed between MoSi2 and Si3 N4 at the fabrication temperature of 1750°C. Composite microstructures varied from particle–matrix to cermet morphologies with increasing MoSi2 phase content. The MgO densification aid was present only in the Si3 N4 phase. An amorphous glassy phase was observed at the MoSi2 –Si3 N4 phase boundaries, the extent of which decreased with decreased MgO level. No general microcracking was observed in the MoSi2 –Si3 N4 composites, despite the presence of a substantial thermal expansion mismatch between the MoSi2 and Si3 N4 phases. The critical MoSi2 particle diameter for microcracking was calculated to be 3 μm. MoSi2 particles as large as 20 μm resulted in no composite microcracking; this indicated that significant stress relief occurred in these composites, probably because of plastic deformation of the MoSi2 phase. 相似文献
196.
Servando González Xavier Fernández‐Francos Josep Maria Salla Angels Serra Ana Mantecón Xavier Ramis 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,104(5):3406-3416
Mixtures of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with different proportions of γ‐caprolactone (γ‐CL) were cured with ytterbium triflate as initiator. The curing was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo mechanical analysis (TMA). The results are presented in the form of a time–temperature–transformation diagram. The kinetic analysis was performed by means of the isoconversional integral procedure and the kinetic model was also determined using the Coats–Redfern method. Gelation was determined by means of combined experiences of DSC and TMA. The relationship between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the degree of conversion α was determined by DSC. Using the isoconversional lines and the Tg‐α relationship, the vitrificacion curve was obtained. The methodology developed makes it possible to obtain the TTT diagram using only no‐isothermal experiments with equivalent results to those using classical isothermal procedures. The addition of γ‐CL accelerates the curing and reduces the shrinkage after gelation and consequently the internal stresses in the material. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007 相似文献
197.
Ion beam irradiation can be used to modify the structure and gas transport properties of glassy polymers. This is the first of two studies that focus on the impact of H+ ion irradiation on the structure and permeation properties of the polyimide Matrimid®. Specifically, the evolution in chemical structure after H+ irradiation over a range of fluences was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and dissolution studies. Although H+ ion irradiation at very low ion fluences induced little modification in the chemical structure, irradiation at relatively high ion fluences resulted in crosslinking of the irradiated films. The branched structure of the aliphatic methyl (CH3) was the most sensitive to the H+ ion irradiation. The para‐disubstituted aromatic ring showed the strongest resistance toward ion irradiation and required fairly high doses to induce degradation. Two potential crosslinking mechanisms related to the degradation of the aliphatic methyl and the benzophenone carbonyl were presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2010–2019, 2003 相似文献
198.
Luis Carlos Ferreira Jr.Marcos A.S. Costa Pedro Ivo C. GuimarãesLuiz Claudio de Santa Maria 《Polymer》2002,43(14):3857-3862
Styrene polymerization was carried out with Ni(acac)2/MAO and Ni(acac)2/SiO2/MAO. The influence of reaction parameters (Al/Ni mole ratio, catalyst concentration, temperature and time polymerization) on styrene polymerization was evaluated. It was observed that both catalytic systems were affected by reaction parameters and that the heterogeneous catalyst presented higher activity than the homogeneous one. Polystyrenes with different molecular weight, stereoregularity and polydispersity were obtained. These results suggest that different active catalyst species could have been present. In addition, two types of methylaluminoxane (MAO) with different molecular weights were also evaluated as cocatalyst. As a result, the catalyst activity and stereospecificity were strongly affected by the MAO type. 相似文献
199.
Moracci Marco; Capalbo Luisa; Ciaramella Maria; Rossi Mose 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1996,9(12):1191-1195
The Sulfolobus solfataricus, strain MT4, ß-glycosidase(Ssßgly) is a thermophilic member of glycohydrolasefamily 1. To identify active-site residues, glutamic acids 206and 387 have been changed to isosteric glutamine by site-directedmutagenesis. Mutant proteins have been purified to homogeneityusing the Schistosoma japonicum glutathione S-transferase (GST)fusion system. The proteolytic cleavage of the chimeric proteinwith thrombin was only obtainable after the introduction ofa molecular spacer between the GST and the Ssß-glydomains. The Glu387 Gin mutant showed no detectable activity,as expected for the residue acting as the nucleophile of thereaction. The Glu206 Gin mutant showed 10- and 60-fold reducedactivities on aryl-galacto and aryl-glucosides, respectively,when compared with the wild type. Moreover, a significant Kmdecrease with plo-nitrophenyl-ß-D-glucoside was observed.The residual activity of the Glu206 Gln mutant lost the typicalpH dependence shown by the wild type. These data suggest thatGlu206 acts as the general acid/base catalyst in the hydrolysisreaction. 相似文献
200.
The in vitro incorporation of leucine, isoleucine and pyruvate into lipids was compared and the possibility that leucine might
serve as anin situ precursor to the correspondingiso fatty acids in the rat sciatic nerve was studied. The relative incorporation of14C from leucine into lipids vs. nonlipids was 20%, and the incorporation of label into total lipids from leucine was one-half
that from pyruvate. The incorporation of label from leucine and pyruvate into sterols was nearly equivalent, but the incorporation
of label into all other lipid classes from leucine was less than that from pyruvate, and the incorporation of label from isoleucine
into lipids was much less in all cases. No detectable label from leucine was incorporated into brached chain fatty acids.
It is concluded that leucine may be a substantial in vitro precursor to all major lipids in peripheral nerve, especially sterols.
The possibility and significance of a leucine catabolic pathway in the cytosol in relation to availability of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
CoA for sterol biosynthesis is discussed. 相似文献