Investigation of breakage behavior of different mineralogical and morphological characteristic pumices

The objective of this study is to analyze dry grinding behavior of four different pumices in terms of Bond grindability value, selection and breakage parameters values. For this purpose, firstly, Bond grindability test were made for four pumices. Then, eight different mono-size fractions for each of pumices were carried out between 1.7 and 0.106 mm formed by a \({\surd 2}\) sieve series, and ground batch wise in a laboratory ball mill for determination of breakage parameters. Finally, S _i and B _i,j equations were determined from the size distributions at different grinding times, and the model parameters (S _i , a _T , α, γ, β and \({\phi_{j}}\)) were compared for four different pumice samples.     

Synergistic effects of sono-alkaline pretreatment on anaerobic biodegradability of waste activated sludge

The individual and combined effects of alkaline and ultrasonic pretreatment on both physical and chemical properties and anaerobic biodegradability of waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated comprehensively in this study. The experimental results showed that both disintegration and anaerobic biodegradability of WAS were significantly improved by the combination of alkaline and ultrasonic (sono-alkaline) pretreatment. Besides, it was determined that the hydraulic retention time in anaerobic digester can be shortened by half using this combined pretreatment. However, it was also determined that sono-alkaline pretreatment was not feasible economically due to its high energy requirement.     

Comparative Study of Bioactive Constituents in Turkish Olive Oils by LC-ESI/MS/MS

The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare the differences in the phenolic composition, antioxidant properties, and fatty acids of virgin olive oils from the Ayvalik, Gemlik, and Memecik olive varieties cultivated in their respective growing areas over two harvest years. The phenolic composition of olive oils was carried out by liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis and the fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography analysis. Fourteen phenolic compounds were identified and, among these, the most dominant were elenolic acid, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol. For olives from both years, the highest total phenolic content was determined in Memecik followed by Ayvalik and Gemlik. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis- (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of the olive oil extracts. In both methods, the antioxidant capacity values were higher for oil from cv. Ayvalik. Thirteen fatty acids were identified and quantified in all samples. Oleic acid was the highest concentration and this acid was more dominant in Gemlik oils.     

A constant recursive convolution technique for frequency dependent scalar wave equation based FDTD algorithm

A scalar wave equation based recursive convolution finite-difference time-domain algorithm is developed for a frequency-dependent Debye medium in this paper. This algorithm is based on a recursive evaluation of a convolution integral in the time domain. A numerical example is presented for a problem of wide-band reflection from an air-water interface. The obtained results are compared with an analytical solution. The excellent agreement is observed between the numerical results. Memory and computational time advantages of the proposed method over Maxwell’s equations based solution are also shown.     

Construction of consistent neural network empirical physical formulas for detector counts in neutron exit channel selection

Proper selection of neutron exit channels following heavy-ion reactions is important in nuclear structure physics. A knowledge of detector counts versus number of neutron interaction points per event can be useful in this selection. In this paper, we constructed layered feedforward neural networks (LFNNs) consistent empirical physical formulas (EPFs) to estimate the detector counts versus number of neutron interaction points per event. The LFNN-EPFs are of explicit mathematical functional form. Therefore, by various suitable operations of mathematical analysis, these LFNN-EPFs can be used to derivate further physical functions which might be potentially relevant to neutron exit channel selection.     

A design method for substrate integrated waveguide electromagnetic bandgap (SIW-EBG) filters

An efficient design method for substrate integrated waveguide electromagnetic bandgap (SIW-EBG) filters is proposed which provides direct dimensional synthesis approach for desired filter objectives without using network representations. The method is applied to the design of an X band SIW-EBG filter and its response is compared with HFSS (high frequency structure simulator) simulations for validation purposes. Fairly good agreement between the results shows the applicability of the proposed method for SIW-EBG filter design.     

A comparative study of AISC-360 and EC3 strength limit states

A study has been undertaken to evaluate the similarities and differences between the steel building design specifications used in the United States and Europe. Expressions for nominal strength presented in the AISC-360 Specification and the Eurocode 3 Specification were compared for fundamental limit states. In particular, rules for cross-section classification, tension members, compression members, I-shaped members subjected to flexure, I-shaped members subjected to shear, and fasteners were studied. Results of the investigation revealed that, in general, both specifications provide nominal capacities that are close to each other. Significant differences were reported for some limit states such as flexure in I-shaped members with non-compact flanges, shear and lateral torsional buckling in I-shaped members, and bearing strength at bolt holes. In this paper, the details of the comparative study are presented along with observations that are useful for practicing engineers.     

Overview of the MPEG Reconfigurable Video Coding Framework

Video coding technology in the last 20 years has evolved producing a variety of different and complex algorithms and coding standards. So far the specification of such standards, and of the algorithms that build them, has been done case by case providing monolithic textual and reference software specifications in different forms and programming languages. However, very little attention has been given to provide a specification formalism that explicitly presents common components between standards, and the incremental modifications of such monolithic standards. The MPEG Reconfigurable Video Coding (RVC) framework is a new ISO standard currently under its final stage of standardization, aiming at providing video codec specifications at the level of library components instead of monolithic algorithms. The new concept is to be able to specify a decoder of an existing standard or a completely new configuration that may better satisfy application-specific constraints by selecting standard components from a library of standard coding algorithms. The possibility of dynamic configuration and reconfiguration of codecs also requires new methodologies and new tools for describing the new bitstream syntaxes and the parsers of such new codecs. The RVC framework is based on the usage of a new actor/ dataflow oriented language called CAL for the specification of the standard library and instantiation of the RVC decoder model. This language has been specifically designed for modeling complex signal processing systems. CAL dataflow models expose the intrinsic concurrency of the algorithms by employing the notions of actor programming and dataflow. The paper gives an overview of the concepts and technologies building the standard RVC framework and the non standard tools supporting the RVC model from the instantiation and simulation of the CAL model to software and/or hardware code synthesis.