Progression of excess embryos to the blastocyst stage predicts pregnancy and implantation rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection

In the spherical cells of Escherichia coli rodA mutants, division is initiated at a single point, from which a furrow extends progressively around the cell. Using "giant" rodA ftsA cells, we confirmed that each new division furrow is initiated at the midpoint of the previous division plane and runs perpendicular to it.     

Accelerated weathering performance of Scots pine preimpregnated with copper‐based chemicals before varnish coating Part:1 coated with cellulosic and polyurethane varnishes

This study aimed to determine the effect of accelerated weathering on gloss, surface hardness and colour changes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Test samples were impregnated with Adolit KD‐5, Wolmanit CX‐8 and Celcure AC‐500 covered with cellulosic and polyurethane varnishes. The results showed that the values of surface hardness and gloss increased after accelerated weathering. While the surface hardness of Scots pine was increased for impregnated and polyurethane‐coated varnish, it decreased for impregnated and cellulosic varnish‐coated Scots pine after 1000 hours of accelerated weathering exposure. Copper‐based chemical impregnation and varnish coating developed the gloss of Scots pine specimens relative to the surface characteristics observed in single‐coated Scots pine specimens. While the most appropriate chemical was Celcure AC‐500 for surface hardness, it was Adolit KD‐5 for the gloss of Scots pine after 1000 hours of accelerated weathering exposure. Wood specimens impregnated prior to the application of varnish were more effective in stabilising the colour of Scots pine than Scots pine only coated with varnish. Polyurethane varnish‐treated Scots pine showed better colour stability for each partial and total accelerated weathering exposure period. The total colour changes were lowest for polyurethane varnish‐coated Scots pine impregnated with Celcure AC‐500 after 1000 hours of accelerated weathering exposure.     

The effects of various ratios of sunflower oil and surfactant on household type cake quality

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sunflower oil (0, 5, 10, 15%) and surfactant (acetic and lactic acid esters of mono and diglycerides; 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1%) on the quality of the wheat flour based household type cake. The variable ingredients were used as alone or in combinations in cake manufacture; therefore 20 different batter formulations were formed. Quality characteristics of cake samples (volume, symmetry, uniformity, shrinkage, weight loss, crumb–grain structure, crumb firmness) were investigated. Both components had a significant (P?<?0.05) impact on cake quality. In trial conditions, it was determined that the effect of surfactant on cake quality was greater than the oil. In cake batter, using up to a certain level (0.5%) surfactant was improved the cake volume and porosity. When the surfactant was used at 0.75 and 1% levels, these cake properties were deteriorated. The softness of the cakes have been measured as maximum when surfactant was used alone in increasing order from 0 to 1%. Sunflower oil improved the cake quality up to a limited extent. This improvement generally occurred at 5% level. Usage of oil with higher levels declined cake properties significantly. In combination formula, it was determined that using surfactant made using more oil in the batter formula possible. Careful attention should be paid to the appropriate level of use of oil and surfactant in cake production. Otherwise, significant declines occurred in cake quality. It was concluded that high-quality household-type cakes can be made if both ingredients were combined the use of 5–10% oil and 0.75–1% surfactant.     

Effect of interfacial instabilities and hydrodynamic interaction on liquid-liquid mass transfer

Mass transfer rate between two liquid phases with a plane interface has been studied in a modified Lewis stirred cell. The time interval between the successive concentration determinations was reduced to thirty seconds by the use of a continuous flow refractometer. The mass transfer coefficients were found to correlate satisfactorily with the surface renewal model unless interfacial motion is opposed by the change in physical properties of the system or interfacial shear stresses. Under these conditions Levich-Davies model could successfully explain the experimental mass transfer coefficients found in this work.Due to the effect of the shear stresses and the changes in the physical properties, bulk Reynolds numbers were not sufficient alone to explain the hydrodynamics at the interface which control the mass transfer rate. Instead, another dimensionless quantity such as the ratio of interfacial stresses to kinetic energies of the eddies should be used as a criterion of the hydrodynamics at the interface.     

Nuclear data sheets for A = 138

The experimental nuclear structure data available through December 1980 have been reviewed. A summary of information obtained in various reaction and decay experiments is presented, together with adopted level schemes. Where there was no new data the 1976 evaluation of S. Pancholi and M. Martin (76Pa04) was adopted.