Parasitic Bipolar Junction Transistors in a Floating-Gate MOSFET for Fluorescence Detection

In this letter, we examined whether the parasitic bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) in the MOSFET fabricated by the standard CMOS process can play a role as a fluorescence detector. To suppress the action of two vertical parasitic BJTs, the gate and n-well were tied in the parasitic BJTs, and the body node was connected to the drain. The proposed device was compared with the inherent and the parasitic diodes in the MOSFET. It had 100 times higher photocurrents than the diodes in the MOSFET. In addition, it was applied for the detection of the fluorescent signal, and could detect near 10 nM of Alexa 546. Therefore, CMOS-process-compatible parasitic BJTs can be used as a photodetector in an integrated fluorescence detector.     

Feature Reduction via Generalized Uncorrelated Linear Discriminant Analysis

High-dimensional data appear in many applications of data mining, machine learning, and bioinformatics. Feature reduction is commonly applied as a preprocessing step to overcome the curse of dimensionality. Uncorrelated Linear Discriminant Analysis (ULDA) was recently proposed for feature reduction. The extracted features via ULDA were shown to be statistically uncorrelated, which is desirable for many applications. In this paper, an algorithm called ULDA/QR is proposed to simplify the previous implementation of ULDA. Then, the ULDA/GSVD algorithm is proposed, based on a novel optimization criterion, to address the singularity problem which occurs in undersampled problems, where the data dimension is larger than the sample size. The criterion used is the regularized version of the one in ULDA/QR. Surprisingly, our theoretical result shows that the solution to ULDA/GSVD is independent of the value of the regularization parameter. Experimental results on various types of data sets are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and to compare it with other commonly used feature reduction algorithms.     

Synthesis and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of antitumor 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives

In this study a series of 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives were synthesized and cytotoxicity against human melanoma tumor cell evaluated, and a three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship was investigated using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The results suggested that the electrostatic, steric and hydrophobic factors of 3-arylisoquinolines were strongly correlated with the antitumor activity. Considerable predictive ability (cross-validated r2 as high as 0.721) was obtained through CoMFA.     

Adaptive synthesis of distance fields

We address the computational resource requirements of 3D example-based synthesis with an adaptive synthesis technique that uses a tree-based synthesis map. A signed-distance field (SDF) is determined for the 3D exemplars, and then new models can be synthesized as SDFs by neighborhood matching. Unlike voxel synthesis approach, our input is posed in the real domain to preserve maximum detail. In comparison to straightforward extensions to the existing volume texture synthesis approach, we made several improvements in terms of memory requirements, computation times, and synthesis quality. The inherent parallelism in this method makes it suitable for a multicore CPU. Results show that computation times and memory requirements are very much reduced, and large synthesized scenes exhibit fine details which mimic the exemplars.     

含多端口能量路由器的多能互补系统故障保护功能测试研究

针对某区域用电负荷存在严重的季节性过载现象,以及可再生能源存在功率波动大、稳定性较差的问题,研制了多能(含水电、光伏、储能)、多端口的能量路由器装置及其能量管理系统.综合考虑当地多场景运行,解决了季节性过载问题,实现了能量的合理配置与利用.首先,对比分析选定能量路由器各端口变换器的拓扑结构;然后,对多场景下的工作模式进行介绍;最后,对含能量路由器的多能互补系统进行故障保护功能测试.测试结果表明,该系统具有较好的故障保护功能,有效实现了不同场景下的工作模式切换,直流母线电压稳定以及上层功率指令跟踪等功能,解决了当地用电负荷季节性过载和可再生能源功率波动较大的问题.     

Dispersion of flexible polymer chains in confined geometries

Molecular model approach has been used to predict the dispersion characteristics of flexible polymer chains in confined geometries. The analysis ranges from the early stage dispersion to the steady Taylor dispersion of the simple linear dumbbell model polymer chains. For the early stasje dispersion the ray method was applied; an Aris type moments rnothod was useful for the Taylor dispersion. Two parallel plates were chosen as a confining geometry and the specific initial condition of a point source in the midway of the gap was chosen for simplicity. It was found that the qualitative difference in dispersion properties of deformable polymer chains starts from the early stage compared with those of single Brownian particles. And it turns out that one parameter, which is similar to the relative spacing of the dumbbell to the gap of confining geometries, is useful to see the dispersion characteristics of the dumbbells.     

Catalytic Combustion of Methane over Rare Earth Stannate Pyrochlore

Well-defined Ln₂Sn₂O₇ powders (Ln = La, Sm and Gd) with a phase-pure pyrochlore structure were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. The catalytic activities of Ln₂Sn₂O₇ powders for methane combustion were measured. Methane oxidation started at 500 °C and increased with oxidation temperature. Catalytic methane combustion is strongly influenced by the presence of oxygen vacancies that form by breaking Sn–O lattice bonds as the temperature increases. Addition of manganese to the rare earth pyrochlores improved methane oxidation activity. Manganese-doped samarium stannate pyrochlore (Sm₂Sn_1.8Mn_0.2O₇) shows highest the catalytic activity. Light-off and complete oxidation temperatures were measured at about 400 and 650 °C, respectively.     

Use of cascade reduction potential for selective precipitation of Au,Cu, and Pb in hydrochloric acid solution

Optimization of reduction potential for electroseparation was studied for the recovery of gold, copper, and lead from acidic solution. A linear sweep voltammetric method enabled us to determine characteristic reduction potentials for each metal and the kinetics of the metal deposition indicated by current-voltage curves. In order to precipitate the metal species sequentially, reduction potentials were examined for the individual and mixed solutions of Au(III), Cu(II), and Pb(II). The three metals were reasonably well isolated from the mixed solutions such as Cu(II)/ Pb(II) and Au(III)/Cu(II)/Pb(II) in the order of the corresponding reduction potentials, in particular, the mass transfer controlled reduction potentials, obtained from linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurement.     

Blends of chlorinated isotactic polypropylene with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) I. Effect of component polymers composition on the blend miscibility

Chlorinated isotactic polypropylenes (CPP) having various chlorine contents were blended with poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)s (EVA) having various vinyl acetate (VA) contents. The blends were made by casting films from dilute THF solutions and miscibility of the blends was identified by single glass transition temperature, which was confirmed by DSC and dynamic mechanical measurements. Based on the miscibility data from a large number of CPP/EVA combinations, a miscibility map was depicted where CO equivalent weight (CO-EQW) of EVA was plotted against chlorine equivalent weight (Cl-EQW) of CPP. Though an attractive interaction between CPP and EVA could be detected in all the miscible and immiscible blend pairs, miscibility of the CPP/EVA blends could solely be observed in a relatively narrow range of Cl-EQW ca. 65–100 and CO-EQW ca. 170–230.     

Soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl acrylates in the presence of a reactive surfactant

Soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl acrylate (FA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA)/n‐butyl acrylate (n‐BA) was carried out in the presence of sodium 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propanesulfonate (AMPSNa) as a reactive surfactant and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. An analysis of the effects of concentration of AMPSNa, KPS, FA as well as polymerization temperature on the kinetic features (rate of polymerization) and colloidal characteristics (mean particle diameter, particle disperse index, particle numbers, and surface charge density) was followed. NMR, FTIR, AFM, and fluorine‐selective electrode analysis were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the FA copolymers. Both AFM analysis and contact angle measurements strongly implied that the fluorinated segments migrated to the outmost surface and created films with lower surface energy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2438–2444, 2007