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961.
Although leather has a number of desirable properties such as thermal stability and fire retardancey, in addition to high toughness, it has a few drawbacks such as weight, high water absorption, poor soil and rot resistance, and nonuniformity. If these defects are overcome, leather's usefulness would be further enhanced and its competitive position with respect to synthetics would increase. This study reports the physical and mechanical properties of buffalo leather after chemical graft copolymerization with ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The optimum conditions for grafting (e.g., monomer and initiator concentrations, temperature and time of grafting, and solvent leather ratio) were extensively investigated. The study achieved outstanding properties for buffalo leather in reduction of water uptake after grafting, especially on using 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate and butyl acrylate monomers. FT‐IR and solid 13C‐NMR for leather before and after grafting confirmed the grafting process.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1478–1483, 2003 相似文献
962.
963.
Summary A series of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanocomposites containing organically-modified mica (HB-Mica) were prepared
by in-situ interlayer polymerization of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The PET nanocomposites, which contained
organoclay loadings of 0 to 2 wt %, were melt-spun to produce monofilaments with various draw ratios. Some of the clay particles
appeared well dispersed within the PET matrix, while others were found to form agglomerates with sizes greater than 20 nm.
The addition of a small amount of organoclay was sufficient to improve the thermo-mechanical properties of the PET hybrid
fibers. Both the thermal stability and the mechanical tensile properties increased with increasing clay content for draw ratios
of 1–16. 相似文献
964.
水体中苯胺类化合物测定方法的改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文分别利用活性炭吸附、三氯甲烷萃取和前两种方法联用对显色剂 N-(1 -萘基 )乙二胺进行了提纯 ,从而使水体中苯胺类化合物测定方法的显色时间由 1 2 0 min(未提纯法 )缩短至 90 min(经三种方法提纯 ) ,显色剂溶液的稳定性有了明显的提高 ,测定方法的精密度得到了显著的改善 ,同时检出限也由 0 .3 0 mg/L (未提纯法 )分别降至 0 .0 48mg/L (活性炭吸附提纯法 )、0 .0 59mg/L(三氯甲烷萃取提纯法 )和 0 .0 3 1 mg/L(两种方法联用提纯法 ) ,用经三种方法提纯后的显色剂溶液测定水样中的苯胺 ,测定结果均令人满意 相似文献
965.
Sang?Sung?Lee Soo?Chool?Lee Jae?Chang?KimEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2002,19(3):406-410
O-alkylation reaction of hydroquinone with excess methanol was performed by using alkali metal ion-exchanged zeolite catalysts
in a slurry type reactor to substitute the solid zeolite catalysts for the homogeneous liquid phase catalysts. This was also
done to produce selectively mono-alkylated 4-methoxyphenol, a valuable intermediate for the perfume, flavor, food and photo
industries. The effects of the basicity of various zeolites and reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction time and
the amount of catalyst on the catalytic activity and selectivity were tested to maximize the yield of 4-methoxyphenol. Thus
far, 84% selectivity at 95% conversion of hydroquinone was obtained at the optimum reaction conditions (240 ‡C, reaction with
0.6 g catalyst for 16 h), which was thought to result from the strong basic property and shape selectivity of the Cs ion-exchanged
NaX zeolite. 相似文献
966.
We determined the optimal reaction conditions to minimize the energy cost and the quantities of by‐products for a poly(ethylene terephthalate) process by using the iterative dynamic programming (IDP) algorithm. Here, we employed a sequence of three reactor models: the semibatch transesterification reactor model, the semibatch prepolymerization reactor model, and the rotating‐disc‐type polycondensation reactor model. We selectively chose or developed the reactor models by incorporating experimentally verified kinetic models reported in the literature. We established the model for the entire reactor system by connecting the three reactor models in series and by resolving some joint problems arising when different types of reactor models were interconnected. On the basis of the simulation results of the reactor system, we scrutinized the cause and effect between the reaction conditions and the final quality of the polymer product. Here, we set up the optimization strategy by using IDP on the basis of the integrated reactor model, and the process variables with significant influence on the properties of polymer were selected as control variables with the help of a simulation study. With this method, we could refine the reaction conditions at the end of each iteration step by contracting the spectra of control regions, and the iteration process finally stopped when the profile of the optimal trajectory converged. We also took the constraints on the control variables into account to guarantee polymer quality and to suppress side reactions. Constituting six different strategies by setting weighting vectors differently, we examined the differences in optimal trajectories, the trend of optimality, and the quality of the final polymer product. For each of the strategies, we conducted the optimization to examine whether the number‐average degree of polymerization approached the desired value. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 993–1008, 2002 相似文献
967.
Thomas Bürgi Fachri Atamny Axel Knop‐Gericke Michael Hävecker Thomas Schedel‐Niedrig Robert Schlögl Alfons Baiker 《Catalysis Letters》2000,66(3):109-112
The adsorption of ethyl pyruvate on Pt(111) has been studied by in situ XANES measurements in the presence and absence of
hydrogen. Depending on the hydrogen and ethyl pyruvate pressure, the C and O K‐edge spectra exhibit distinctly different angular
dependence. Without hydrogen ethyl pyruvate is oriented preferentially perpendicular to the surface, indicating bonding via
the O lone pairs. In the presence of hydrogen the mean orientation is more tilted towards the surface. Likely, ethyl pyruvate
also interacts with Pt via its π system under these conditions. The observed angle‐dependent shift of the energy of the π*
and σ* resonances indicates the coexistence of differently adsorbed ethyl pyruvate species. The experimental findings demonstrate
the importance of the in situ approach for unraveling the adsorption mode of ethyl pyruvate in the enantioselective hydrogenation
over cinchona‐alkaloid‐modified Pt.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
968.
F.J. Medellín‐Rodríguez J.M. Mata‐Padilla B.S. Hsiao M.A. Waldo‐Mendoza E. Ramírez‐Vargas S. Sánchez‐Valdes 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2007,47(11):1889-1897
The influence of organomodified nanoclay (montmorillonite) on the crystallization and melting mechanisms of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was studied. Films of both neat polymer and clay nanocomposites were prepared after molecular weight optimization through melt extrusion. Products exhibited the tactoidlike morphology since no compatibilizers were used. The effect of introduction of nanoclay within the polymer was studied through isothermal crystallization and linear heating. The results indicated that low nanoclay concentrations induce the formation of the β‐crystalline structure, its formation being inhibited with high nanoclay contents. Dynamic nonisothermal bulk crystallization experiments indicated that nanoclays act as nucleating agents of iPP. Isothermal, bulk crystallization studies indicated that the crystallization process (induction time and crystallization kinetics) is proportionally accelerated by the nanoclay presence. There was also an accelerated formation of secondary crystallization when nanoclays were present in high concentrations. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1889–1897, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
969.
发展了一套在线光纤式动态光散射粉体粒径测量系统,作为纳米颗粒制程粒径参数测量与分析.工业上对纳米粉体性质均一性(Uniformity)要求较高,为了获得在线制备纳米粉体颗粒的精确粒径大小与分布,本研究由激光动态光散射(Dynamic Light Scattering,DLS)原理,利用光纤探头方式,研制了一套在线粉体取样与粒径测量系统,针对目前台北科大自行研发的真空潜伏纳米流体制程(SANSS)进行了系统整合与测试.本研究针对100 nm标准粒径大小的聚苯乙烯(Polystyrene)粉体进行系统测量能力评估,确定了研发系统测量准确度(Accuracy)与重现性(Repeatability).实验结果显示,研发系统测量的平均粒径最大误差值在8%以下,初步确定测量系统可有效地监控纳米流体制程,提供纳米粉体制程的重要在线信息. 相似文献
970.
Carbon/carbon composites were made through the pyrolysis of stabilized PAN felt and phenolic resin with the addition of 5 or 10 wt % carbon black to the matrix and then heat treatment at 600–2500°C. The effects of adding carbon black to the matrix precursor on the physical properties, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the resultant composites were investigated. Adding carbon black not only reduced the weight loss but also limited the shrinkage of the resultant composites. Adding carbon black also accelerated the formation of carbon basal planes in the matrix. At 2500°C, the crystalline stacking height in the composite with 10 wt % added carbon black was 200% greater than that with no additive. The flexural strength of the composite also increased from 15 to 42 MPa (almost 300%). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 333–337, 2006 相似文献