110kV电缆终端红外测温培训系统开发

红外测温作为一项非接触式带电检测技术,可快速、安全地发现电缆终端异常发热缺陷.为了相应地提高巡检人员红外拍摄技能水平和图像分析能力,在总结归纳各类电缆终端故障案例特点的基础上,设计了一种110 kV电缆终端红外测温培训系统,该系统等比还原了110 kV电缆终端.内部结构采用110 kV终端样品和加热系统相结合,可真实模拟电缆终端运行工况;布置多个定制加热器及温控表,灵活配置发热状态;采用PID控温算法,使温度控制平稳;采用ModBus-Tcp协议与温控表通信,通过WiFi-485总线实现移动终端对温控箱的远程设置;人机交互界面可灵活设置温度并实时显示监测结果.该系统在实训中取得良好效果.     

配电变压器直流电阻测量误差因素及结果不确定度分析

配电变压器直流电阻测量是线圈绕制过程中半成品和成品测试、变压器出厂试验、配电工程安装、交接试验及电网检修预防性试验的必测项目,其测量结果准确与否决定了配电变压器各环节是否需返工检修,因此对测量结果的误差因素分析极为重要.而测量不确定度是衡量检测结果准确与否的量化指标,直接反映了测试结果的可靠性和准确性.以配电变压器直流电阻测量为例,介绍了电阻测量的测试方法和试验原理,根据影响测量不确定度的各因素,建立电阻测量数学模型,对测量结果进行了不确定度评定和分析,展示了变压器绕组直流电阻测量的不确定度评定流程,为配电变压器制造商的出厂试验分析和实验室检测、计量的不确定度分析提供参考.     

Catalase (CAT) Gene Family in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): Genome-Wide Analysis,Identification, and Expression Pattern in Response to Multiple Hormones and Abiotic Stress Conditions

Catalase (CAT) is an antioxidant enzyme expressed by the CAT gene family and exists in almost all aerobic organisms. Environmental stresses induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that eventually hinder plant growth and development. The CAT enzyme translates the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to water (H₂O) and reduce the ROS levels to shelter the cells’ death. So far, the CAT gene family has not been reported in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Therefore, a genome-wide comprehensive analysis was conducted to classify the CAT genes in the rapeseed genome. The current study identified 14 BnCAT genes in the rapeseed genome. Based on phylogenetic and synteny analysis, the BnCATs belong to four groups (Groups I–IV). A gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that Group I, Group II, and Group IV possess almost the same intron/exon pattern, and an equal number of motifs, while Group III contains diverse structures and contain 15 motifs. By analyzing the cis-elements in the promoters, we identified five hormone-correlated responsive elements and four stress-related responsive elements. Further, six putative bna-miRNAs were also identified, targeting three genes (BnCAT4, BnCAT6, and BnCAT8). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the BnCAT genes were largely related to cellular organelles, ROS response, stimulus response, stress response, and antioxidant enzymes. Almost 10 BnCAT genes showed higher expression levels in different tissues, i.e., root, leaf, stem, and silique. The expression analysis showed that BnCAT1–BnCAT3 and BnCAT11–BnCAT13 were significantly upregulated by cold, salinity, abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA) treatment, but not by drought and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Notably, most of the genes were upregulated by waterlogging stress, except BnCAT6, BnCAT9, and BnCAT10. Our results opened new windows for future investigations and provided insights into the CAT family genes in rapeseed.     

Formation of Proto-Kranz in C3 Rice Induced by Spike-Stalk Injection Method

Introduction of C4 photosynthetic traits into C3 crops is an important strategy for improving photosynthetic capacity and productivity. Here, we report the research results of a variant line of sorghum–rice (SR) plant with big panicle and high spikelet density by introducing sorghum genome DNA into rice by spike-stalk injection. The whole-genome resequencing showed that a few sorghum genes could be integrated into the rice genome. Gene expression was confirmed for two C4 photosynthetic enzymes containing pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Exogenous sorghum DNA integration induced a series of key traits associated with the C4 pathway called “proto-Kranz” anatomy, including leaf thickness, bundle sheath number and size, and chloroplast size in bundle sheath cells. Significantly, transgenic plants exhibited enhanced photosynthetic capacity resulting from both photosynthetic CO₂-concentrating effect and improved energy balance, which led to an increase in carbohydrate levels and productivity. Furthermore, such rice plant exhibited delayed leaf senescence. In summary, this study provides a proof for the feasibility of inducing the transition from C3 leaf anatomy to proto-Kranz by spike-stalk injection to achieve efficient photosynthesis and increase productivity.     

Low Dielectric Polyimide/Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (PI/FEP) Nanocomposite Film for High-Frequency Flexible Circuit Board Application

The low dielectric polymer films have drawn great attention to the application as the dielectric insulating materials in high-frequency circuit boards, while the weak adhesion to the copper foils and the poor processability resulted from the fluorinated or rigid structures limited their high-frequency application. In this work, the low dielectric and high adhesive polyimide/fluorinated ethylene propylene (PI/FEP) nanocomposite film for high-frequency flexible circuit board application is developed. It is indicated that the fluorocarbon surfactants can significantly improve the dispersion of FEP in PI substrate, and thus, the PI/FEP nanocomposite film exhibits excellent mechanical properties, including the tensile strength increases to 46.6 MPa and the elongation at the break increases to 13.7%. Importantly, at the high-frequency of 10 GHz, the 60 wt% FEP filled PI nanocomposite film displays an ultralow dielectric loss (0.006) and a reduced dielectric constant (2.69). In addition, the high-frequency flexible circuit board with the PI/FEP film as the dielectric insulating layer has a high peel strength of 0.75 N mm⁻¹, indicating this PI/FEP nanocomposite film can meet the requirements of the high-frequency flexible circuit board application.     

3D Printing Conductive Composites with Poly(ionic liquid) as a Noncovalent Intermedia to Fabricate Carbon Circuits

In this study, a kind of imidazole type poly(ionic liquid) ([PEP-MIM]Cl) is synthesized, which can disperse carbon effectively. [PEP-MIM]Cl is used as an intermediate to coat carbon on the poly(acrylic acid)(PAA-co-MBA) via ion exchange to obtain conductive polymer composite (CPC). A series of characterizations are performed. Experiments show that carbon can be coated on the PAA-co-MBA uniformly, and compared with using carbon as filler, this method requires less carbon to achieve good conductive performance. The carbon layer on the polymer's surface is enriched via the swelling-shrinking properties of PAA-co-MBA according to the SEM images. Furthermore, in combination with 3D printing technology, PAA-co-MBA can be designed into different shapes to achieve various functions such as pressure-sensing element. Finally, a new type of CPC named carbon clad polymeric laminate (CCPL) is prepared by using the carbon coating method and 3D printing technology. It has the potential to replace copper clad laminate (CCL) and printed circuit board (PCB), to a certain extent. This technology expands the preparation method and application of the CPC such as flexible and wearable conductive fabrics.     

粉煤灰高附加值利用研究进展

粉煤灰是火电厂燃煤过程中产生的固体残渣, 其成分复杂, 具有毒性, 若处理不当会对环境造成危害。因此, 粉煤灰的高附加值利用迫在眉睫。然而, 粉煤灰的品质是制约其高附加值利用的主要因素。目前, 中国粉煤灰品质参差不齐, 缺少完善的品质评价体系, 由此造成粉煤灰利用领域的局限性。针对上述问题, 首先分析了中国粉煤灰的资源化特性, 总结了粉煤灰的品质评价方法, 并重点阐述了适用于粉煤灰高附加值利用的品质评价方法;其次, 详细介绍了粉煤灰高附加值利用技术（高附加值提取技术、高附加值材料制备技术）;最后, 对粉煤灰高附加值利用的发展趋势做出了展望。     

基于改进自注意力机制生成对抗网络的智能电网GPS欺骗攻击防御方法

为了避免全球定位系统欺骗攻击(GSA)对相量测量装置造成的危害,提出了一种基于改进自注意力机制生成对抗网络(SAGAN)的智能电网GSA防御方法.首先,通过引入深度学习参数,构建了改进网络-物理模型,利用历史数据计算得到当前时刻的量测值.然后,在SAGAN的生成器和判别器网络中分别融入一个时间注意力模块,提出了一种用于实现网络-物理模型的改进SAGAN防御方法.通过训练改进SAGAN,得到一对判别器和生成器,利用判别器检测采集的量测值是否遭受GSA,当检测到攻击时,利用生成器生成的数据替换欺骗数据,从而实现智能电网对GSA的主动防御.最后,基于IEEE 14节点和IEEE 118节点系统进行仿真测试,结果验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性.     

岩溶区石灰石矿山溶洞探测分析

江西南城南方水泥有限公司蒋源矿区矿山开采过程中发现了溶洞,并利用空洞仪（一种物探设备）对溶洞探测并采集数据以及使用RTK对溶洞分布情况进行坐标数据采集。经过对空洞仪成像分析,结合现场采集的数据制作出溶洞空间分布图,精确掌握溶洞发育的规模、空间状态,对制定岩溶发育区域矿山开采、爆破施工方案、应急预案,以及确保施工安全起到了非常重要的作用。