Application of coronal discharge to measure biophysical gas flow

Studies and results on an ion beam produced at atmospheric pressure between a cathode point, a square diaphragm and a collector plane (anode) are presented. It is shown that the I(V) (characteristic at this device can become monotonous if a current feed back is applied to the diaphragm. Dimensions of beam impact are not affected by the electrostatical wind. The shape of the beam is given by calculation of electrostatical ion repulsion. This transducer allows gas flow measurement, this flow being a function of the current difference on the two half anodes. Theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experiments.     

Successful transcatheter embolic control of massive hematobilia secondary to liver biopsy

A 43-year-old female alcoholic had massive hematobilia secondary to arterial trauma of a liver biopsy. The arterial bleeding site was successfully embolized through an angiographic catheter with Gelfoam sponge. No liver ischemia occurred and the patient has remained well.     

Cervical orthoses effect on cervical spine motion: roentgenographic and goniometric method of study

Movement of the cervical spine in the sagittal plane was studied in ten normal subjects from 20 to 30 years of age without and with four different cervical orthoses: (1) polyethylene Camp plastic collar with chin and occiput piece, (2) plastizote Philadelphia collar, (3) four-poster and (4) SOMI (sternal occipital mandibular immobilization). The effect of the orthoses on restricting sagittal motion was measured simultaneously using roentgenographic and bubble goniometric methods. The subject was immobilized in a straight back chair to eliminate trunk motion, and lateral cervical spine films were taken of each subject in neutral, flexion and extension without and with each orthotic device. Distortion forces exerted on the orthotic devices were standardized by measurement of pressures at the chin and occiput. Roentgenographic measurements of flexion and extension and anteroposterior displacement of the cervical spine were compared to the measurements obtained by bubble goniometry. The four-poster and SOMI were found to be most effective in restricting extension and flexion respectively. The polyethylene and plastizote orthoses were significantly less effective in restricting motion. The bubble goniometer is an adequate clinical tool in assessing overall flexion-extension of the cervical spine but is not so precise and does not give information on the degree of motion at an individual vertebral level.     

Factors affecting T3 and T4 proficiency testing

Problem areas within a proficiency testing (PT) program are performance evaluation and sample stability. The different units used in the various T3 uptake methodologies make performance evaluation complex. To facilitate this evaluation, a normalization method for T3 uptake performance evaluation has been developed. Sample stability studies for T3 uptake indicate that, at room temperature, sample values increase after storage for about seven days. Room temperature sample stability studies for T4 using a competitive protein binding (CPB) method indicate that the apparent T4 content of pooled serum increases after about one week. Fatty acids are shown to be an interfering substance in the T4 CPB method as well as the T4 radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. This interference increases with a decrease in carbon chain length from C18 to C12 and with an increase in unsaturation of fatty acids. The B/B0 ration for arachidonic acid at a concentration of 0.48 micronMoles per tube is 17.4 in a CPB method and 87.1 in a radioimmunoassay method indicating that the greater effect is in the CPB method. The increase in T3 uptake values are probably also due to the interfering effect of fatty acids.     

Consumer-professional collaboration for evaluation in neighborhood mental health programs

Neighborhood mental health programs are challenged with the scientific and fiscal necessity of evaluating their services. Since most such programs are joint endeavors of neighborhood residents (usually a consumer board) and nonneighborhood professionals, such evaluative efforts require the sanction and collaboration of both groups to be maximally effective. However, the authors point out that collaboration is often strained by lack of trust and conflicts of interest. Study design may fail to consider neighborhood values, with the result that the provision of services is impeded, consumers are frightened or coerced, the role of paraprofessionals is threatened, and the consumer board's responsibilities to the neighborhood are ignored. The authors discuss those four issues and suggest ways of resolving them.