Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 β-Glucan Attenuates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Disruption of Intestinal Epithelium in Weaned Pigs

To explore the protective effect of dietary β-glucan (BGL) supplementation on intestinal epithelium exposure to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), thirty-two weaned pigs were assigned to four groups. Pigs were fed with a basal diet or basal diet containing 500 mg/kg BGL, and were orally infused with ETEC or culture medium. Results showed BGL supplementation had no influence on growth performance in weaned pigs. However, BGL supplementation increased the absorption of D-xylose, and significantly decreased the serum concentrations of D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the ETEC-challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Interestingly, BGL significantly increased the abundance of the zonula occludens-1-(ZO-1) in the jejunal epithelium upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). BGL supplementation also increased the number of S-phase cells and the number of sIgA-positive cells, but significantly decreased the number of total apoptotic cells in the jejunal epithelium upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). Moreover, BGL significantly increased the duodenal catalase (CAT) activity and the ileal total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the ETEC-challenged pigs (p < 0.05). Importantly, BGL significantly decreased the expression levels of critical inflammation related proteins such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukin-6 (IL-6), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the jejunal and ileal mucosa upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). BGL also elevated the propanoic acid content and the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus in the colon upon ETEC challenge (p < 0.05). These results suggested BGL could alleviate the ETEC-induced intestinal epithelium injury, which may be associated with suppressed inflammation and improved intestinal immunity and antioxidant capacity, as well as the improved intestinal macrobiotic.     

镍铁渣混凝土的力学性能、干缩行为及其与浆体孔结构的关系

制备了不同掺量的镍铁渣混凝土,对其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弹性模量和干燥收缩进行了测试,并使用压汞法对同配比净浆的孔结构进行了表征。结果表明,镍铁渣混凝土的抗压强度随镍铁渣掺量的提高出现先提高后下降的现象,这与孔结构变化有显著关系。当镍铁渣掺量在20%以上时,混凝土早期强度增长较为缓慢,经90 d龄期养护后基本可以弥补早期形成的强度差。镍铁渣的掺入降低了混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度,但混凝土的弹性模量提高。蒸汽养护可以一定程度激发镍铁渣的活性,但并不能弥补其取代水泥造成的强度损失。20%掺量以内的镍铁渣混凝土具有比纯水泥混凝土较小的干燥收缩,这与镍铁渣掺入后混凝土孔隙率降低、弹性模量提高等相关。     

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Induces Adipogenesis via Control of Cilia in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

During skin aging, the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) and the adipogenesis potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) decrease. It is known that the shortening of cilia length by pro-inflammatory cytokines is related to the decreased adipogenic differentiation of ASCs via increase in Wnt5a/β-catenin. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is known to upregulate heat shock proteins (HSP), which decrease levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we evaluated whether HIFU modulates the cilia of ASCs by upregulating HSP70 and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. HIFU was applied at 0.2 J to rat skin, which was harvested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. All results for HIFU-applied animals were compared with control animals that were not treated. HIFU increased expression of HSP70 and decreased expression of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in sWAT. HIFU decreased the expression of cilia disassembly-related factors (AurA and HDAC9) in ASCs. Furthermore, HIFU increased the expression of cilia assembly-related factors (KIF3A and IFT88), decreased that of WNT5A/β-catenin, and increased that of the adipogenesis markers PPARγ and CEBPα in sWAT. HIFU increased the number of adipocytes in the sWAT and the thickness of sWAT. In conclusion, HIFU could selectively increase sWAT levels by modulating the cilia of ASCs and be used for skin rejuvenation.     

Experiences of Trauma and DNA Methylation Profiles among African American Mothers and Children

Potentially traumatic experiences have been associated with chronic diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm), have been proposed as an explanation for this association. We examined the association of experiences of trauma with epigenome-wide DNAm among African American mothers (n = 236) and their children aged 3–5 years (n = 232; N = 500), using the Life Events Checklist-5 (LEC) and Traumatic Events Screening Inventory—Parent Report Revised (TESI-PRR). We identified no DNAm sites significantly associated with potentially traumatic experience scores in mothers. One CpG site on the ENOX1 gene was methylome-wide-significant in children (FDR-corrected q-value = 0.05) from the TESI-PRR. This protein-coding gene is associated with mental illness, including unipolar depression, bipolar, and schizophrenia. Future research should further examine the associations between childhood trauma, DNAm, and health outcomes among this understudied and high-risk group. Findings from such longitudinal research may inform clinical and translational approaches to prevent adverse health outcomes associated with epigenetic changes.     

基于功能分析的基本变换单元知识库研究

研究功能知识是现代设计过程中的一个重要环节,从功能的数学表达方法着手,研究单输入单输出系统的输入输出功能特征矢量,得出基本变换单元的功能变换矩阵。再通过分析功能变换矩阵类型、方向信息的转换和特征值信息的转换,得出一种方便于数据库储存和后续方案设计运算的知识库。     

Effects of Oxygen Concentration in Monocrystalline Silicon on Reverse Leakage Current of PIN Rectifier Diodes

The effects of initial oxygen concentration on the reverse leakage current of PIN rectifier diodes were studied.We fabricated the PIN rectifier diodes with different initial oxygen concentrations,and analyzed the electrical properties,anisotropic preferred etching by means of optical microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.It is pointed out that the reverse leakage current increases exponentially with the increasing initial oxygen concentration.Fur...     

赤泥综合利用研究现状及分析

为了解决制铝工业中排放的赤泥废弃料难题,为了探究赤泥矿粉替代量对沥青混合料抗水损坏性能的影响,提高废弃物资源的再利用率,采用“干法改性”方案,利用赤泥等质量代替沥青混合料中的石灰岩矿粉制成赤泥沥青胶浆和赤泥沥青混合料,通过赤泥沥青胶浆的吸持性能实验和赤泥沥青混合料的浸水马歇尔实验、冻融循环劈裂实验、浸水车辙实验来测试不同替代量赤泥沥青胶浆的粘附性能和赤泥沥青混合料的抗水损坏性能。结果表明：赤泥替代沥青混合料中的石灰岩矿粉能有效地改善沥青胶浆的粘附性能和沥青混合料的抗水损坏性能。而且通过对赤泥沥青胶浆粘附性能和沥青混合料抗水损坏的机理分析 揭示了赤泥沥青混合料抗水损坏性能的原因,得出赤泥替代量为50%时沥青混合料性能较佳的结论。     

长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法——第三次矿业科学技术变革

为了深入了解近距离煤层群切顶留巷上覆岩层应力及变形演化规律,以白皎煤矿B₄煤层、B₃煤层、B₂煤层切顶成巷巷道2442、2443及2444运输平巷为研究对象,开展了3层煤回采巷道开挖物理试验研究,结果表明：①上煤层巷道切顶后,顶板卸压; 煤层开挖后,采空区顶板垮落并支撑巷道顶板,顶板增压; 煤层继续开挖,覆岩断裂,顶板卸压; 巷道顶板应力依次经历卸压、增压及卸压过程,其中,高位顶板应力增加较大,应力较高。②中部巷道切顶及煤层开挖后,上覆岩层压力同时向上煤层巷道围岩及本巷道采动破碎压实围岩转移,并在两巷道之间的上覆岩层中形成应力增高区。③下煤层巷道切顶及煤层开挖后,巷道围岩破坏严重,无集中应力,受前两次开挖卸压影响较大。④上覆岩层沿层理面出现错动变形,同时出现垂直拉伸剪切裂纹,采动影响越大,裂纹扩展程度越大。

     

采用长工作距离物镜的低噪声相移数字全息显微研究

在数字全息显微技术中,为了提高测量精度,提出了一种利用长工作距离物镜的相移数字全息显微的测量装置和方法。该装置采用LED作为照明光源,可以有效地抑制相位噪声,提高了重建精度。通过在长工作距离物镜和样品之间加入分光棱镜的方法,构建了一种准物参共路的迈克尔逊干涉仪。该装置结构简单,调整方便,在部分相干光照明时,容易实现干涉。重建时,采用盲相移干涉技术,结合两步盲相移算法,重建出物体的表面相位分布。实验中,分别采用LED照明和He-Ne激光照明,测量了一个反射式USAF1951分辨率板的高度分布。结果表明,两者的测量结果相互吻合,但是LED照明时的噪声与激光照明时相比降低了70%。此外,为了进一步验证装置的有效性,使用该装置对刻于硅基底的微纳矩形台阶进行测量,测量结果与标称值具有良好的一致性,表明该装置在微结构的形貌测量方面有广阔的应用前景。     

强流脉冲电子束表面改性镍基合金的研究

DZ22合金因其优良的高温性能被广泛的应用于高温热端构件。为了进一步提高DZ22合金表面性能,使用强流脉冲电子束对其表面进行轰击。本文主要讨论温度场模拟及微观组织状态。采用abaqus模拟软件对轰击时DZ22镍基合金表面的温度场进行模拟。模拟结果表明,轰击时试样表面在0.68μs时达到轰击时表面的最高温度1629℃,超过DZ22镍基高温合金熔点。利用激光共聚焦显微镜对轰击前后合金表面形貌进行观测,实验结果显示,轰击后试样表面产生熔坑形貌。利用X射线衍射仪对轰击前后合金表面组织结构进行分析,实验表明,轰击使合金表面应力状态与晶粒的生长方向发生改变。结果表明,轰击使得DZ22合金表面出现熔坑形貌且改变其晶粒方向。