MP3编码量化模块的改进

MP3是应用最广泛的一种音频格式,MP3解码芯片已发展成熟,却很少有实时编码器产品。这是因为MP3编码算法的运算量远大于解码算法,而量化模块在编码算法中占很大的比重(38．2％),为实现便携式设备的MP3实时编码,有必要对量化模块进行改进来降低运算复杂度。在分析了现有的一些改进方法后,提出了在外循环中限制量化频带以滤去高频信号,计算比例因子初值以减少循环次数;内层循环中计算量化因子初值后自适应调整步长的方法。在获得良好音频质量的同时将量化模块运算量减少到标准算法的6％,使得整个编码算法的运算量降低到标准算法的64％,配合简化声学心理模型和分析滤波器组快速算法,可在单片DSP或ARM上实现MP3实时编码。     

液相还原法制取纳米银粉的研究

以硝酸银为原料,水为反应介质,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为保护剂,甲酸铵作为还原剂,利用普通液相还原法常温一步直接制备得到平均粒径在10nm左右的纳米级银粉。采用XRD、EDS、TEM等测试手段,对所制得的纳米银粉进行了表征。并简要讨论了纳米银粉制备过程中的各类影响因素。     

一种快速捕获、带宽可调的锁相环电路

设计实现了一个快速捕获,带宽可调的电荷泵型锁相环电路。采用了一种利用状态机拓展鉴频鉴相器检测范围的方法,加快了环路的锁定;通过SPI总线实现电荷泵电流配置和调整VCO延时单元的延迟时间,优化了电路性能。芯片采用中芯国际0.18μmCMOS工艺,测试结果表明,锁相环锁定在100MHz时的抖动均方值为24ps,偏离中心频率1MHz处的相位噪声为-98.62dBc/Hz。     

锐截止中频采样滤波器的设计与实现

中频采样是数字正交鉴相系统中的一项关键技术,具有锐截止特性的中频采样滤波器可以改善鉴相系统的性能.在分析锐截止特性FIR滤波器如何提升中频采样性能的基础上,针对低通滤波法鉴相系统中的滤波器设计,分析了简化滤波器设计的条件,并推导了滤波器的简化表示,从而提出了一种设计锐截止中频采样滤波器的有效方法,使得所需的运算量及存储量大幅度缩减.最后,提出了一种基于IP(Intelligent Property)核的中频采样滤波器的具体实现方案.     

Status and prospects for phosphor-based white LED packaging

The status and prospects for high-power, phosphor-based white light-emitting diode (LED) pack-aging have been presented. A system view for packaging design is proposed to address packaging issues. Four aspects of packaging are reviewed: optical control, thermal management, reliability and cost. Phosphor materials play the most important role in light extraction and color control. The conformal coating method improves the spatial color distribution (SCD) of LEDs. High refractive index (RI) encapsulants with high transmittance and modified surface morphology can enhance light extraction. Multi-phosphor-based packaging can realize the control of correlated color temperature (CCT) with high color rendering index (CRI). Effective thermal management can dissipate heat rapidly and reduce thermal stress caused by the mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Chip-on-board (COB) technology with a multi-layer ceramic substrate is the most promising method for high-power LED packaging. Low junction temperature will improve the reliability and provide longer life. Advanced processes, precise fabrication and careful operation are essential for high reliability LEDs. Cost is one of the biggest obstacles for the penetration of white LEDs into the market for general illumination products. Mass production in terms of CoB, system in packaging (SIP), 3D packaging and wafer level packaging (WLP) can reduce the cost significantly, especially when chip cost is lowered by using a large wafer size.     

冷链温度监测

冷链在控制温度敏感性产品、保证食品等物品质量和减少物流损耗方面有重要的作用,但是对冷链进行监测却很难实现,本文将介绍一种准确有效、快捷低廉的冷链监测方式,即使用RFID技术对冷链进行全过程监测。     

On designing incentive-compatible routing and forwarding protocols in wireless ad-hoc networks

In many applications, wireless ad-hoc networks are formed by devices belonging to independent users. Therefore, a challenging problem is how to provide incentives to stimulate cooperation. In this paper, we study ad-hoc games—the routing and packet forwarding games in wireless ad-hoc networks. Unlike previous work which focuses either on routing or on forwarding, this paper investigates both routing and forwarding. We first uncover an impossibility result—there does not exist a protocol such that following the protocol to always forward others' traffic is a dominant action. Then we define a novel solution concept called cooperation-optimal protocols. We present Corsac, a cooperation-optimal protocol which consists of a routing protocol and a forwarding protocol. The routing protocol of Corsac integrates VCG with a novel cryptographic technique to address the challenge in wireless ad-hoc networks that a link’s cost (i.e., its type) is determined by two nodes together. Corsac also applies efficient cryptographic techniques to design a forwarding protocol to enforce the routing decision, such that fulfilling the routing decision is the optimal action of each node in the sense that it brings the maximum utility to the node. We evaluate our protocols using simulations. Our evaluations demonstrate that our protocols provide incentives for nodes to forward packets. Additionally, we discuss the challenging issues in designing incentive-compatible protocols in ad hoc networks. Part of this paper appeared in a conference version [49]. Sheng Zhong was supported in part by NSF grants ANI-0207399 and CNS-0524030. Yang Richard Yang was supported in part by NSF grants ANI-0207399, ANI-0238038, and CNS-0435201. This work was partly done while Sheng Zhong was at Yale University; Yanbin Liu was at University of Texas at Austin. Sheng Zhong is an assistant professor in the State University of New York at Buffalo. He received his PhD (2004) from Yale University and his ME (1999), BS (1996) from Nanjing University, China, all in computer science. His research interests include economic incentives and privacy protection, particularly incentive and privacy problems in mobile computing and data mining. Li Erran Li received his B.E. in Automatic Control from Beijing Polytechnic University in 1993, his M.E. in Pattern Recognition from the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 1996, and his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Cornell University in 2001 where Joseph Y. Halpern was his advisor. He is presently a member of the Networking Research Center in Bell Labs. His research interests are in networking with a focus on wireless networking and mobile computing. He has served as a program committee member for several conferences including ACM MobiCom, ACM MobiHoc, IEEE INFOCOM and IEEE ICNP. He is a guest editor for JSAC special issue on Non-Cooperative Behavior in Networking. He has published over 30 papers. Yanbin Liu received her B.E. degree in Computer Science and Technology from Tsinghua University (1993), Beijing, China, in 1993, and her M.S. degree in Computer Science from the University of Texas at Austin (1998), where is a Ph.D. candidate. Since 2006, he has been with IBM TJ Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY. Her research interests are in real-time systems, grid computing, mobile computing, and computer networks. Yang Richard Yang received his B.E. degree in Computer Science and Technology from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 1993, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from the University of Texas at Austin in 1998 and 2001, respectively. Since 2001, he has been with the Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, where currently he is an Associate Professor. His current research interests are in computer networks, mobile computing, and sensor networks. He leads the Laboratory of Networked Systems (LANS) at Yale University.