Coping-anxiety and coping-depression motives predict different daily mood-drinking relationships.

Individuals with different drinking motives show distinctive patterns of alcohol use and problems. Drinking to cope, or endorsing strong coping motives for alcohol use, has been shown to be particularly hazardous. It is important to determine the unique triggers associated with coping drinking. One limitation of past research has been the failure to contend with the complexities inherent in coping motives. Using the Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire–Revised (Grant, Stewart, O’Connor, Blackwell, & Conrod, 2007), which separates coping-anxiety and coping-depression motives, we investigated whether these motives moderated relationships between daily mood and subsequent drinking (statistically controlling for sex, baseline anxious and depressive symptomatology, initial alcohol problems, and additional drinking motives). College students (N = 146) provided daily reports of mood and alcohol consumption online for 3 weeks. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that, as hypothesized, stronger initial coping-depression motives predicted higher daily depressed mood-alcohol consumption slopes. Also consistent with expectation, stronger initial coping-anxiety motives predicted higher anxious mood-alcohol consumption slopes. We discuss how this identification of the unique mood triggers associated with each type of coping drinking motive can provide the basis for targeted interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Robust two-degrees of freedom linear quadratic gaussian position control for the front axle actuator of a steer-by-wire system

The Steer-by-Wire (SbW) system is a key technology for highly automated driving. For automated lateral vehicle guidance, the precise position control of the SbW Front Axle Actuator is an essential prerequisite. This contribution presents the modeling, control design, nominal performance, and stability analysis as well as the robustness analysis of the position control for the SbW Front Axle Actuator. Based on a nonlinear model of the plant a simplified linear system model is derived. This model yields the basis for the design of a Two-Degrees of Freedom Linear Quadratic Gaussian Control (2DOF LQG control), which allows an independent design of the command and the disturbance response. Besides an evaluation of the nominal control behavior, μ-analysis is applied to assess the robustness of performance and stability. Finally, real vehicle tests for different driving maneuvers are presented to verify simulation results.

     

Innovative Konzepte im Massivbau

Innovative Concepts for Concrete Structures Representing new developments in concrete construction, the present paper covers the four subject areas innovative building concepts, pretensioned beams made of UHPC, building envelopes applying Textile Reinforced Concrete and Slim‐Floor‐Constructions.     

An investigation of the virtual competitive scaffolding assistant: a prior knowledge perspective

Universal Access in the Information Society - Virtual competition can address the problems of real competition, but there is a lack of sufficient interactive engagement. Furthermore, virtual...     

A Review on Current Nanofiber Technologies: Electrospinning,Centrifugal Spinning,and Electro-Centrifugal Spinning

Nanofiber-based products are widely used in the fields of public health, air/water filtration, energy storage, etc. The demand for nonwoven products is rapidly increasing especially after COVID-19 pandemic. Electrospinning is the most popular technology to produce nanofiber-based products from various kinds of materials in bench and commercial scales. While centrifugal spinning and electro-centrifugal spinning are considered to be the other two well-known technologies to fabricate nanofibers. However, their developments are restricted mainly due to the unnormalized spinning devices and spinning principles. High solution concentration and high production efficiency are the two main strengths of centrifugal spinning, but beaded fibers can be formed easily due to air perturbation or device vibration. Electro-centrifugal spinning is formed by introducing a high voltage electrostatic field into the centrifugal spinning system, which suppresses the formation of beaded fibers and results in producing elegant nanofibers. It is believed that electrospinning can be replaced by electro-centrifugal spinning in some specific application areas. This article gives an overview on the existing devices and the crucial processing parameters of these nanofiber technologies, also constructive suggestions are proposed to facilitate the development of centrifugal and electro-centrifugal spinning.     

Modeling microvoiding kinetics of rare-earth disilicates in flowing atmospheres containing water vapor

Rare-earth disilicate (REDS, RE₂Si₂O7) layers that may be used as environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) on ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components in high-temperature stages of turbine engines are subject to microvoiding to form porous rare-earth monosilicate (REMS, RE₂SiO₅) layers in flowing atmospheres containing water vapor. A simple microvoiding kinetic model that incorporates both mass transfer of the reaction product Si(OH)₄(g) through the external gas phase boundary layer and pore diffusion of Si(OH)₄(g) through the microvoided layer has been developed. Model predictions are in good agreement with measured growth rates of microvoided layers under low-flowrate steam furnace test and high-flowrate burner rig conditions. Since pore diffusion is generally the rate-limiting step for EBC microvoiding in turbine engines, furnace testing under conditions of kinetic control by gas phase mass transfer is not generally capable of predicting REDS microvoiding rates under engine conditions. The kinetic model can be extended to incorporate changes in pore size and distribution, cracking of the microvoided layer, and introduction and cracking of an additional REMS topcoat to the system. The model can be used to generate a reasonable prediction of the time required to fully microvoid a REDS EBC layer on a CMC component in the hot gas path of an aircraft engine or stationary gas turbine.     

Verbundverhalten von vorgespannten Litzen in UHPC

Ultra‐Hochfester Beton (UHPC = Ultra‐High Performance Concrete) ist hervorragend geeignet für vorgespannte Bauteile. Um eine sichere und dennoch wirtschaftliche Bemessung von vorgespannten Trägern mit sofortigem Verbund vornehmen zu können, muss das Verankerungsverhalten der Litzen bekannt sein. Die hohen Verbundfestigkeiten führen zu kurzen Übertragungslängen und verbessern dadurch die Querkrafttragfähigkeit. Bei Vorspannung mit sofortigem Verbund ist eine Mindestbetondeckung entscheidend, um Längsrisse im Verankerungsbereich zu vermeiden, die einen erheblichen Verlust an Verbundfestigkeit und im Extremfall ein Verankerungsversagen zur Folge haben. In diesem Beitrag, der im Rahmen des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Schwerpunktprogramms SPP 1182 entstand, werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse zum Verbundverhalten von Litzen in UHPC vorgestellt. Teil 1 behandelt die experimentellen Untersuchungen und Teil 2 die Herleitung eines Verbundmodells zur Berechnung der Übertragungslänge. Bond Behavior of prestressed Strands in UHPC. Part 1: Tests on Bond Strength and Transfer Length Ultra‐High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is an appropriate construction material for pretensioned girders. To ensure an economic and safe design a detailed knowledge of the behavior of pretensioned strands in the anchorage zone is essential. The dimension of the bond anchorage zone favors the cost‐effective design of pretensioned girders, especially when the shear resistance is decisive. However, a minimum concrete cover has to be maintained to avoid splitting cracks in the transmission zone, since they lead to an uncontrolled increase in transfer length and may cause a premature anchorage failure. This paper, which resulted from the priority program SPP 1182 funded by the German Research Foundation, presents the results of investigations on the bond behavior of strands in UHPC. Part 1 deals with the experimental investigations and in part 2 a bond model is derived to design the transfer length.