化学发光免疫方法在食品安全检测中的应用及展望

近年来,随着各种食品问题的突发事件频繁发生,食品安全已经引起了社会各方面的广泛关注,传统的食品安全检测技术因操作复杂,耗时长,成本高等特点,无法满足当前检测需求,因此建立快速、灵敏、准确检测手段成为保障食品安全的研究重点。化学发光免疫分析(CLIA)具有高的灵敏度、特异性好、分析速度快、简便的操作优势,受到越来越多的食品安全领域人员青睐。CLIA能够很灵敏的对有毒有害物质进行区别,能检测出不同分子量大小的抗原、半抗原和抗体,同时还能应用于核酸探针,它目前被广泛用于食品、医疗和环境等领域,根据近五年的文献报道,简单概述了CLIA技术,并从农药残留、兽药残留、违禁添加物、病原微生物以及生物毒素等方面在食品安全检测中的作了详细综述,对该技术进行了展望。     

High Energy Density Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by In Situ Polymerized Integrated Ultrathin Solid Electrolyte/Cathode

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are regarded as the most promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their potential to achieve higher safety performance and energy density. However, the troubles in the preparation of ultrathin solid-state electrolytes (SEs) as well as the resultant compromise in mechanical strength greatly limit the safety application of SSBs. Herein, a novel in situ polymerized integrated ultrathin SE/cathode design is developed. The ultrathin ceramic layer supported on the cathode serves not only as a rigid scaffold to prevent direct contact between the cathode and anode but also as active inorganic fillers to enhance the mechanical properties of in situ polymerized SE film. The unique Li-ion coordination environments as well as the Li hopping mechanism profoundly promote fast ion transport in composite SEs. The in situ polymerized SEs simultaneously achieve the balance in ultrathin thickness (10 µm), fast ion transport (0.65 mS cm⁻¹), superior Young's modulus (66.8 GPa), and excellent interface contact. The pouch cells with practical Li||LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ configuration achieve an ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 1018 Wh L⁻¹ and safety performance. The in situ polymerized integrated ultrathin SE/cathode design exhibits great promise for the practical application of SSBs with high energy density and safety performance.     

基于有向图的信息拓扑独立的二阶系统一致性判据

针对可能存在拓扑切换情形的有向图, 研究了多个二阶系统在没有领航者时的一致性问题. 提出了两个使用不同合作策略的一致性算法, 并得到了若干与信息拓扑参数无关的一致性判据. 采用基于特征值分析的方法对第一个一致性算法进行了分析, 得到了该算法在固定有向图条件下一致性可达的充分必要条件. 对于第二个一致性算法, 如果切换网络拓扑的并图存在一棵有向生成树的频率足够高, 则系统仍然可以实现一致性. 利用等价模型变换将原系统转化为级联系统的方法, 给出并简化了该算法的收敛性分析. 采用同样的策略, 针对切换无向图的一致性问题进一步推导得到了一个新颖的充分必要条件. 另外, 本文还分别针对固定有向图研究了这两个算法对时延的鲁棒性. 论文最后给出了仿真示例, 验证了所得理论结果的正确性和算法的有效性.     

大气阻力摄动下平均轨道根数在轨实时确定方法

为了满足卫星长期自主运行的任务需求, 本文同时考虑了大气阻力摄动和非球形摄动带谐项两种摄动对卫星平均轨道根数的影响, 提出了采用滤波算法在轨实时估计平均轨道根数的方法. 基于指数大气密度模型推导了大气阻力摄动下平均轨道根数的变化率, 分析了非球形带谐项摄动势函数对平均轨道根数的影响并推导了该影响下平均轨道根数变化率的通用计算方法, 由此建立了滤波状态方程以及以瞬时轨道根数为观测量的量测方程并分析了测量噪声特性; 为减小计算量以便于在轨实现,提出采用基于球形单边Sigma采样的平方根UKF (Unscented Kalman filter)滤波来估计平均轨道根数. 数值仿真结果表明, 该算法有效、精度较高且鲁棒性好, 能够满足卫星长期自主在轨实时计算平均轨道根数的要求.     

Optimization of the coagulation-flocculation process for pulp mill wastewater treatment using a combination of uniform design and response surface methodology

Pulp mill wastewater was treated using the coagulation-flocculation process with aluminum chloride as the coagulant and a modified natural polymer, starch-g-PAM-g-PDMC [polyacrylamide and poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride], as the flocculant. A novel approach with a combination of response surface methodology (RSM) and uniform design (UD) was employed to evaluate the effects and interactions of three main influential factors, coagulant dosage, flocculant dosage and pH, on the treatment efficiency in terms of the supernatant turbidity and lignin removals as well as the water recovery. The optimal conditions obtained from the compromise of the three desirable responses, supernatant turbidity removal, lignin removal and water recovery efficiency, were as follows: coagulant dosage of 871 mg/L, flocculant dosage of 22.3 mg/L and pH 8.35. Confirmation experiments demonstrated that such a combination of the UD and RSM is a powerful and useful approach for optimizing the coagulation-flocculation process for the pulp mill wastewater treatment.     

High-Entropy Engineering for Broadband Infrared Radiation

Developing high-performance infrared (IR) radiation materials with desired broadband emissivity, excellent thermal stability, and scalable fabrication processes is highly desirable for energy-saving applications and heat dissipation. However, it remains a grand challenge to concurrently meet these requirements in existing IR radiation materials. Herein, a high-entropy (HE) approach is employed to advance the IR radiation performance of spinel oxide. This strategy efficiently narrows the bandgap due to the enhanced electron transitions and the introduction of oxygen vacancies (O_v), variable-valence behavior, and orbital hybridization. In addition, the lattice distortion effect lowers the symmetry of lattice vibration. Therefore, the resulting HE spinel oxide exhibits near-blackbody radiation performance, with its emissivity approximately three times higher than that of the binary spinel oxide. Moreover, the entropy-dominating phase stabilization effect contributes to impressive thermal stability (stable at 1300 °C for 100 h). This makes it suitable for high-temperature thermal radiation applications, such as energy conservation in industrial high-temperature furnaces. More importantly, the HE spinel oxide can be readily spray-coated on various substrates. And the coating on stainless steel reaches an outstanding emissivity of 0.943 in the 0.78−16 µm wavelength range. All these merits render the HE approach competitive for the development of high-emissivity and thermally stable thermal radiation materials.     

Novel methods for noisy 3D point cloud based object recognition

Multimedia Tools and Applications - 3D point cloud based object recognition becomes increasingly important in the last few years, as the widely use of point cloud over the low-cost 3D sensors have...     

Increasing the bonding strength of chips on flex substrates using thermosonic flip-chip bonding process with nonconductive paste

Thermosonic flip-chip bonding process with a nonconductive paste (NCP) was employed to improve the processability and bonding strength of the flip-chip onto flex substrates (FCOF). A non-conductive paste was deposited on the surface of the copper electrodes over the flex substrate, and a chip with eight gold bumps bonded onto the copper electrodes by the thermosonic flip-chip bonding process.For the chips and flex substrates assembly, ultrasonic power is important in the removal of some of the non-conductive paste on the surface of copper electrodes during thermosonic bonding. Accordingly, gold stud bumps in this study were directly bonded onto copper electrodes to form successful electrical paths between chips and the flex substrate. A particular ultrasonic power resulted in some metallurgical bonding between the gold bumps and the copper electrodes, increasing the bonding strength. The ultrasonic power was not only to remove the NCP from the copper electrodes, but also formed metallurgical bonds during the thermosonic flip-chip bonding process with NCP.In this study, the parameters of the bonding of chips onto flex substrates using thermosonic flip-chip bonding process with NCP were a bonding force of 4.9 N, a curing time of 40 s, a curing temperature of 140 °C and an ultrasonic power of 14.46 W. The processability and bonding strength of flip-chips on flex substrates using thermosonic bonding process with NCP was verified in this study. This process has great potential to be applied to the packaging of consumed electronic products.     

知识网格环境下基于TMs的协同认知

协同认知,形式上表现为问题解决环境下拥有各自知识的实体,根据一定的学习规则在个体认知的基础上,协同完成某项认知任务。协同认知的参与者可能处于不同地点,因而分布式环境下的知识共享显得尤为重要。本文通过对网格环境下Topic Maps（TMs）这一知识表示手段的应用扩展,对网格环境下的知识表示和知识传播进行了研究,提出了有别于传统网络查询的查询机制。在对协同认知的元学习及群学习进行分析与定义的基础上,将机器处理和心智学习有机结合,构造了一个面向知识网格环境的协同认知学习机制,并相应地给出了一个基于TMs的认知实例。     

Research into polymer injection timing for Bohai heavy oil reservoirs

Polymer flooding has been proven to effectively improve oil recovery in the Bohai Oil Field. However, due to high oil viscosity and significant formation heterogeneity, it is necessary to further improve the displacement effectiveness of polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs in the service life of offshore platforms. In this paper, the effects of the water/oil mobility ratio in heavy oil reservoirs and the dimensionless oil productivity index on polymer flooding effectiveness were studied utilizing relative permeability curves. The results showed that when the water saturation was less than the value, where the water/oil mobility ratio was equal to 1, polymer flooding could effectively control the increase of fractional water flow, which meant that the upper limit of water/oil ratio suitable for polymer flooding should be the value when the water/oil mobility ratio was equal to 1. Mean while, by injecting a certain volume of water to create water channels in the reservoir, the polymer flooding would be the most effective in improving sweep efficiency, and lower the fractional flow of water to the value corresponding to D Jmax. Considering the service life of the platform and the polymer mobility control capacity, the best polymer injection timing for heavy oil reservoirs was optimized. It has been tested for reservoirs with crude oil viscosity of 123 and 70 mPa s, the optimum polymer flooding effectiveness could be obtained when the polymer floods were initiated at the time when the fractional flow of water were 10 % and 25 %, respectively. The injection timing range for polymer flooding was also theoretically analyzed for the Bohai Oil Field utilizing relative permeability curves, which provided methods for improving polymer flooding effectiveness.