Engineering all-aromatic polyamide surface from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic and the accelerated strategy

Being a new kind of nanomaterials, aromatic polyamide nanofibers (ANF) have been much highlighted in recent studies. We here demonstrate an isopropyl alcohol (IPA) accelerated chemical cleavage on poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) chopped fibers, which provides an efficient preparation method of ANF. The comprehensive study on the processes accelerated by different alcohols revealed that the preparation time of ANF in the mixed medium of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-alcohol (20:1 in volume) was shorten to 45 min and 75 min for methanol (ethanol) and isopropanol, respectively. However, the nanofibers prepared in DMSO-IPA exhibited the minimum in axial and radial dimensions, providing the finest and most uniform diameter of 16 nm. The corresponding ANF films through vacuum assisted filtration also showed the highest tensile strength of 150 MPa, in comparison with those of the ANF films prepared using other alcohols, which were about 110 MPa. Furthermore, ANF/silicon hybrid films were prepared by the ionic ring-opening reaction followed by the alkoxysilane condensation and nanoparticle fabrication. By changing the organo functional groups in the alkoxysilane, the surface of the films were adjustable in a wide contact angle range from 56° (hydrophilic) to 150° (superhydrophobic), suggesting the amendable interfacial properties potential applicable to composite fabrication with most of the resin matrix.     

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with improved crosslink density,oxidation stability,and microbial inhibition by chemical crosslinking and tea polyphenols for total joint replacements

Highly crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) stabilized by vitamin E (VE) is widely applied in artificial joints as the bearings. Despite the approval, there is a discord that VE lowers the crosslinking efficiency, limiting its use at high concentration. In this work, we aim to obtain highly crosslinked and oxidation resistant UHMWPE through the conjunction of tea polyphenol and chemical crosslinking. We hypothesized that highly incorporated tea polyphenol with multiple reactive sites can ameliorate crosslinking efficiency of chemical crosslinked UHMWPE in comparison to VE. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as representative tea polyphenol was incorporated into UHMWPE at high concentration (2–8 wt%), followed by chemical crosslinking with 2 wt% organic peroxide. Unlike VE/UHMWPE blends as the control, chemical crosslinking achieved an increasing trend in crosslink density of EGCG/UHMWPE blends with increasing antioxidant concentration. High concentration of EGCG also enhanced the oxidation stability of UHMWPE. Intriguingly, EGCG endowed UHMWPE with an excellent antimicrobial property, which was inefficient in VE/UHMWPE. Cell viability was hardly affected by the high loaded antioxidant and peroxide. The chemically crosslinked UHMWPE blended with EGCG is proved to be a reasonable, cost effective and realistic alternative for use in artificial joints.     

Tough and self-healing hydrophobic association hydrogels with cationic surfactant

Hydrophobic association (HA) hydrogels with outstanding mechanical, rheological and recovery properties were successfully synthesized by micellar copolymerization of acrylamide with lauryl methacrylate. The synthesis occurred at room temperature and the synthesis condition was moderate by using the redox initiator system of Ammonium persulfate - sodium bisulfite as initiators. Cationic surfactant (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) was utilized to form micelles with hydrophobe, served as physical cross-linking points in the 3D networks of hydrogels. The HA hydrogels showed a high tensile strength of 181 kPa, superior stretchability of 2300% and excellent toughness of 2.16 MJ m⁻³. Moreover, they owned extraordinary self-recovery under different conditions. It is hopeful that the hydrogels with superior mechanical strength and self-healing properties would be applied to the fields of biomedicine and engineering. Meanwhile, based on above materials, HA hydrogels could also be synthesized with the combination of hydrophobic association and other synergistic effects, such as latex particles, electrostatic effect and nanoparticles.     

少量添加稀土元素Nd和Er对挤压态Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn镁合金干摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、透射电镜、硬度计、3D轮廓仪和UMT-3型摩擦磨损试验机研究了复合添加微量Nd和Er元素对Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn干摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明，添加微量Nd和Er元素后，晶界处种类和数量更多的金属间化合物会阻碍晶界的迁移和滑移，基体中动态析出的β_1^"相密度增大且平均长度减小，更多的动态析出相以及弥散分布的金属间化合物提高了使基体的硬度，降低了磨损量。Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn合金在5N低载荷下的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主，并伴有氧化磨损；当载荷增大至20N，磨粒磨损明显减弱，氧化磨损程度增大。复合添加微量Nd和Er后，Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn-0.6Nd-0.3Er合金在低载荷下（5N）的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主，伴有氧化磨损和黏附磨损；由于耐磨性提高，当载荷增大至20N，磨损机制仍以磨粒磨损为主，黏附磨损程度有所减弱，并伴有氧化磨损。     

ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1微弧氧化陶瓷膜层形成过程研究

通过控制微弧氧化时间,研究了ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1在不同氧化时间下膜层的生长过程,分析了氧化过程中正向电流密度、膜层厚度的变化.结果表明微弧氧化阶段又分为氧化过渡阶段和氧化烧结阶段.氧化过渡阶段陶瓷层以向外生长为主;生成Al2O3非晶氧化物;氧化烧结阶段膜层以向内生长为主,此阶段膜层生长速率最快,生成Al2O3晶体和莫来石.氧化烧结阶段对陶瓷膜层的形成起重要作用,对氧化烧结阶段的控制可直接影响膜层的厚度以及膜层中Al2O3晶体含量.     

组合有理二次Bezier曲线及其在数控弯管加工仿真中的应用

根据推导所得出的有理二次Bezier曲线表示圆弧曲线的表达式，给出了描述一类由直线和圆弧曲线构成的组合曲线分段参数方程，采用该方法能够自动保证圆弧曲线与直线达到G^1连续，并将其应用于数控弯管加工仿真中导管的动态成形，使用结果表明，该方法能够显著提高数控弯管加工仿真系统的运行效率。     

酸浸+等离子体刻蚀YG6微米-纳米金刚石复合涂层工具研究

金刚石涂层工具一直是金刚石膜工具应用研究的主流.制约其产业化的主要因素是涂层的附着力低和微晶金刚石涂层工具的加工精度差.通过对衬底的有效预处理和CVD沉积过程控制的研究,开发在硬质合金基体上沉积高结合强度、低粗糙度的金刚石涂层新技术,对于实现CVD金刚石涂层刀具高效、高精度切削加工具有重要意义.对旨在提高金刚石涂层附着力的预处理技术,本文探索了将酸蚀脱钴+等离子体刻蚀处理衬底法.利用优化的沉积工艺,在酸浸+等离子刻蚀处理的YG6刀片上沉积的两层金刚石复合膜表面粗糙度为0.13μm,附着力压痕测试临界载荷大于1500N.金刚石涂层工具的切削加工性能明显高于无涂层硬质合金工具.在加工ZAlSi12合金时,单层和两层金刚石涂层车刀片的切削寿命分别是无涂层车刀片切削寿命的21倍和28倍.     

反应熔渗法制备Mo(Si,Al)2-SiC复合材料的研究

通过尝试对MoSi2+C坯体中熔融渗Al制备了Mo(Si,Al)2-SiC复合材料,并对其组织及性能进行了研究.反应熔渗Al法制备Mo(Si,Al)2-SiC复合材料中,反应生成物主要为Mo(Si1-x,Alx)2和SiC相,还有少量Mo5Si3C和Al相.随着x值的增加,Mo5Si3C相和Al相逐渐减少,并消失.其组织为片状Mo(Si,Al)2组织间隙中分布着针尖状SiC颗粒;从断口形貌看,SiC颗粒非常细小,团聚在大的Mo(Si,Al)2颗粒周围.根据断口形貌,部分形成的SiC为晶须状,当x=0.4时,形成的SiC多为晶须状,并且形成的晶须状的SiC和Mo(Si,Al)2连成片.反应熔渗Al法制备复合材料抗弯强度是随着x值先增加后降低,在设计值x=0.237时取得最高值.     

无压反应烧结Mo（Si，Al）2-SiC复合材料的研究

利用MoSi2，Al，C之间的原位反应无压烧结制备了Mo（Si1-x，Alx）2-SiC复合材料。随着烧结温度从1400℃升高到1650℃，MoSi2相消失，反应产物为Mo（Si，Al）2和SiC及Mo5Si3C相。由于固溶体及Nowotny（Mo5Si3C）相的形成，使得原位反应中化学计量法则变得困难。原位生成的SiC相随着温度的升高由颗粒状变为晶须状，并由于它的强韧化作用使得复相材料的性能较单相材料成倍提高。     

连续型Δ∑调制器设计综述

Δ∑调制器作为数字转换器中重要的类型,以其较高精度及对CMOS工艺演进的更强适应性得到广泛应用.阐述了Δ∑调制器中连续型的Δ∑调制器的主要设计要点,介绍了国内外在连续型Δ∑调制器上的研究现状,并对相应设计方法进行分类总结.分析了连续Δ∑调制器的工作原理、系统结构、电路误差及模型,对其发展趋势以及面临的挑战进行了总结.结果说明合理地利用新工艺及新型积分器可以有效提高连续型Δ∑调制器的带宽及能效.