Chemical composition of silages treated with some volatile fatty acids,with special reference to the changes in sugars

In eight separate experiments with laboratory silos, silages were prepared with 50 mmol caproic (nC₆), isocaproic (iC₆), valeric (nC₅) and isovaleric (iC₅) acid additions per kg Italian ryegrass or cocksfoot, and stored at 25°C for 70 days. In the nC₆ and iC⁶ treatments, fermentation was consistently inhibited, and also the contents of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were considerably higher in the silages than in the grasses. This increase in WSC was partly explained by the increase in glucose but the difference between WSC and “glucose + fructose” was clearly larger in the silages than in the grasses. In the nC₅ and iC⁵ treatments, various results were obtained; in some cases, presumably due to high dry matter content, fermentation was inhibited and WSC increased, while, in one case, fermentation was improved with higher lactic acid and lower butyric acid production than in the control silage. According to the results of five experiments with bag silos, although the inhibition of fermentation was observed by the treatment with nC₆, little or no increase in WSC during ensilage was found.     

Phonetic symbolism in an artificial language.

An analysis of previous studies suggested that certain letters and letter combinations occur more often than would be expected by chance in affectively pleasant words, while others are overrepresented in unpleasant words. On the basis of data from these prior investigations, 14 pairs of artificial words were constructed and randomly paired with 7 good and 7 bad adjectives. College, deaf high school, and hearing high school Ss were presented with the task of matching each of the English adjectives with the correct member of the artificial word pair presented with it. The college and hearing high school Ss matched as predicted significantly more often than chance expectancy, which deaf Ss did not. The results are interpreted as supporting the existence of phonetic symbolism of word sounds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multifilamentary stranded compound superconductor

This paper summarizes our research on newly-developed multifilamentary V₃Ga and Nb₃Sn compound superconductors, including their design, processing, and characteristics such as mechanical and superconducting properties, and coil performance.     

Emissivity of chlorinated polyethylene

The emissivity of chlorinated polyethylene containing varying amounts of combined chlorine has been investigated. It was found that the emissivity of these compounds increases significantly with increase in chlorination.     

Irradiation effects of boron carbide used as control rod elements in fast breeder reactors

The paper describes radiation effects on 8₄C pellets used as control rod elements in the Enrico Fermi Fast Breeder Reactor. Pellet swelling (Δ$\text{V/V}$) caused by irradiation was less than 1% in which crystal lattice swelling was less than 20%. Many microcracks, a main cause of pellet swelling, appeared in the irradiated pellets. The production of microcracks was related to graphite precipitation in the pellets before irradiation. Open pores which did not exist in the unirradiated pellets were formed in the irradiated ones. In a unit cell of B₄C, the α-axis elongated by 0.025 Å and the $\text{c-}\text{axis}$ shrank by 0.07 Å by irradiation. Moreover, we found three recovery stages which were from room temperature to 400°C, from 400 to 750°C and from 850 to 1100°C. The recovery mechanisms in the irradiated pellets are discussed in terms of the helium behavior.     

Numerical study of transverse lattice waves connected with martensitic transformation

The behavior of the transverse lattice wave connected with the nucleation process of martensite is studied, taking into account the anharmonicity, by use of one-dimensional model for the crystal. The key factor which determines the behavior of the transverse lattice waves according to the model is its amplitudeA with respect to the critical amplitudeA _c. As far asA < A _c, the presence of the transverse lattice wave does not lead to the initiation of the martensite. Depending on the variation ofA andA _c with temperature, the model suggests two alternative processes for the initiation of the martensitic transformation. 1) In case the variation ofA _c with temperature is larger than the variation ofA with temperature, the transverse lattice wave develops into the stable nuclei of the martensite, as soon asA _c becomes smaller thanA with decrease of temperature. 2) In case the variation ofA with temperature is larger than the variation ofA _c with temperature, the transverse lattice wave represents the heterophase fluctuation whenA « A _c. The stable martensite is formed with the reduction ofA as temperature is reduced. The presently available experimental data suggest the process 1) as the nucleation mechanism of the martensite. The prominent role of the interface energy between the martensite and the austenite in determining both the structure of the martensite and the dispersion relationship of the transverse lattice wave in the austenite is pointed out.     

The effect of excess gate current on input impedance of a JFET amplifier

When JFET is used as an amplifier, it should be regarded that the effect of excess gate current on the input impedance is changed by gain of the amplifier. The input impedance or conductance with gain of the JFET amplifier is experimentally analyzed applying small signal equivalent circuit.