全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1147篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 120篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
化学工业 | 319篇 |
金属工艺 | 27篇 |
机械仪表 | 53篇 |
建筑科学 | 25篇 |
能源动力 | 78篇 |
轻工业 | 94篇 |
水利工程 | 1篇 |
石油天然气 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 76篇 |
一般工业技术 | 175篇 |
冶金工业 | 59篇 |
原子能技术 | 42篇 |
自动化技术 | 97篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 17篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 35篇 |
2013年 | 82篇 |
2012年 | 38篇 |
2011年 | 63篇 |
2010年 | 47篇 |
2009年 | 50篇 |
2008年 | 68篇 |
2007年 | 55篇 |
2006年 | 38篇 |
2005年 | 40篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 55篇 |
2002年 | 32篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1170条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
Kazuo Tsubota Stephen C. Pflugfelder Zuguo Liu Christophe Baudouin Hyo Myung Kim Elisabeth M. Messmer Friedrich Kruse Lingyi Liang Jimena Tatiana Carreno-Galeano Maurizio Rolando Norihiko Yokoi Shigeru Kinoshita Reza Dana 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(23)
Over the past decades, the number of patients with dry eye disease (DED) has increased dramatically. The incidence of DED is higher in Asia than in Europe and North America, suggesting the involvement of cultural or racial factors in DED etiology. Although many definitions of DED have been used, discrepancies exist between the various definitions of dry eye disease (DED) used across the globe. This article presents a clinical consensus on the definition of DED, as formulated in four meetings with global DED experts. The proposed new definition is as follows: “Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by a persistently unstable and/or deficient tear film (TF) causing discomfort and/or visual impairment, accompanied by variable degrees of ocular surface epitheliopathy, inflammation and neurosensory abnormalities.” The key criteria for the diagnosis of DED are unstable TF, inflammation, ocular discomfort and visual impairment. This definition also recommends the assessment of ocular surface epitheliopathy and neurosensory abnormalities in each patient with suspected DED. It is easily applicable in clinical practice and should help practitioners diagnose DED consistently. This consensus definition of DED should also help to guide research and clinical trials that, to date, have been hampered by the lack of an established surrogate endpoint. 相似文献
32.
Ryuta Shigefuku Hideaki Takahashi Hiroyasu Nakano Tsunamasa Watanabe Kotaro Matsunaga Nobuyuki Matsumoto Masaki Kato Ryo Morita Yousuke Michikawa Tomohiro Tamura Tetsuya Hiraishi Nobuhiro Hattori Yohei Noguchi Kazunari Nakahara Hiroki Ikeda Toshiya Ishii Chiaki Okuse Shigeru Sase Fumio Itoh Michihiro Suzuki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2016,17(9)
The progression of chronic liver disease differs by etiology. The aim of this study was to elucidate the difference in disease progression between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by means of fibrosis markers, liver function, and hepatic tissue blood flow (TBF). Xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT) was performed in 139 patients with NAFLD and 152 patients with CHC (including liver cirrhosis (LC)). The cutoff values for fibrosis markers were compared between NAFLD and CHC, and correlations between hepatic TBF and liver function tests were examined at each fibrosis stage. The cutoff values for detection of the advanced fibrosis stage were lower in NAFLD than in CHC. Although portal venous TBF (PVTBF) correlated with liver function tests, PVTBF in initial LC caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH-LC) was significantly lower than that in hepatitis C virus (C-LC) (p = 0.014). Conversely, the liver function tests in NASH-LC were higher than those in C-LC (p < 0.05). It is important to recognize the difference between NAFLD and CHC. We concluded that changes in hepatic blood flow occurred during the earliest stage of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD; therefore, patients with NAFLD need to be followed carefully. 相似文献
33.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-based nanocomposites with graphene or multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were prepared by melt mixing. Aspect ratio, Af, and interparticle distance, λ, of graphene in the nanocomposites were obtained from melt rheology and transmission electron microscopy respectively. λ of PET/graphene nanocomposites was much smaller than λ in PET/MWCNT. For PET/graphene with highest Af, λ became <1 μm at more than 0.5 wt% graphene. Non-isothermal crystallization behavior from the melt was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The crystallization temperatures suggest that the nucleation effect of graphene was stronger than that of MWCNT. The half crystallization time of PET/graphene became longer than PET/MWCNT with increasing graphene loading, suggesting that confinement by graphene suppressed the crystal growth rate. XRD analysis indicated that smaller crystals formed in PET/graphene than in PET/MWCNT. From Raman spectroscopy, the π–π interaction between PET and graphene was stronger than that between PET and MWCNT. This stronger interaction in PET/graphene appears to result in formation of crystals with higher perfection. 相似文献
34.
Yasuyoshi Kaneko Shinya Matsushita Yasufumi Oikawa Shigeru Abe 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2010,172(2):47-54
The equivalent circuit, the efficiency, and the important characteristics of moving pick‐up type contactless power transfer systems are described. If the primary series capacitor and the secondary parallel capacitors are chosen correctly and the winding resistances are ignored, the equivalent circuit of the transformer with these capacitors becomes the same as an ideal transformer at the resonant frequency. This simple approximation helps to understand the phenomena occurring with load changes. Because the circuit analysis becomes simple, the approximate value of the power transfer efficiency can be derived. This paper describes the determination of the capacitor values, the derivation of the equivalent circuit and the efficiency, and test results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(2): 47–54, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20970 相似文献
35.
To clarify the role of phosphate in the formation of corrosion products, the transformation of GRI(Cl−) with the addition of phosphate was characterized through XRD, TEM, and solution analysis. Electrochemical analysis showed that the transformation of GRI(Cl−) was delayed and the size of the final products, i.e., γ-FeOOH was reduced in the phosphate added case. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the neighboring Fe–Fe coordination number of FeO6 octahedral unit in γ-FeOOH was decreased. These effects of phosphate are attributed to its adsorption on GRI(Cl−) and nucleated γ-FeOOH that prevented particle growth during oxidation process. 相似文献
36.
37.
Naoyuki Kubota Yusuke Nojima Fumio Kojima Toshio Fukuda 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2006,10(10):891-901
The purpose of this study is to develop partner robots that can obtain and accumulate human-friendly behaviors. To achieve this purpose, the entire architecture of the robot is designed, based on a concept of structured learning which emphasizes the importance of interactive learning of several modules through interaction with its environment. This paper deals with a trajectory planning method for generating hand-to-hand behaviors of a partner robot by using multiple fuzzy state-value functions, a self-organizing map, and an interactive genetic algorithm. A trajectory for the behavior is generated by an interactive genetic algorithm using human evaluation. In order to reduce human load, human evaluation is estimated by using the fuzzy state-value function. Furthermore, to cope with various situations, a self-organizing map is used for clustering a given task dependent on a human hand position. And then, a fuzzy state-value function is assigned to each output unit of the self-organizing map. The robot can easily obtain and accumulate human-friendly trajectories using a fuzzy state-value function and a knowledge database corresponding to the unit selected in the self-organizing map. Finally, multiple fuzzy state-value functions can estimate a human evaluation model for the hand-to-hand behaviors. Several experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
38.
Osami Yanagisawa Mitsuru Izumi Wei-Zhi Hu Kenji Nakanishi Hideo Nojima 《Journal of Superconductivity》1999,12(1):311-315
Electron-spin resonance (ESR) for the charge-ordered state in well-characterized Pr0.65Ca0.35MnO3 exhibited significant change of both the absorption profile and the effective spin susceptibility upon injection of laser light with photon energy of 1.17 eV provided by Nd-YAG laser. The increase of the effective spin susceptibility was clearly found out thanks to the injection of photons in the temperature range 90 K–80 K, which is below the transition temperature from the antiferromagnetic charge ordered state to the canted antiferromagnetic spin alternation state, T
CAF125 K. The temperature dependence of the change of the ESR profile excludes the possibility of heating by laser light. The present result suggests that a kind of photo-induced insulator–metal transition may occur due to propagation of the delocalized carriers via probable double exchange interaction in the charge-ordering collapsed state created by the injection of photons. 相似文献
39.
Osami Yanagisawa Mitsuru Izumi Wei-Zhi Hu Kenji Nakanishi Hideo Nojima 《Journal of Superconductivity》1999,12(1):307-310
The magnetic behavior of the distorted perovskite manganese, Pr0.65Ca0.35MnO3 was studied by X-band electron spin resonance for powder samples. We observed the onset of the charge-ordered state at T
CO215 K, the antiferromagnetic transition with the peak of the ESR linewidth, H
p–p
at T
AF180 K and the canted antiferromagnetic transition at T
CAF125 K associated with the abrupt increase of both the effective magnetization and H
p–p
. Below 90 K, the absorption intensity profile becomes weakened with decreasing temperature suggesting the existence of some kind of magnetic disorder below 90 K, which is responsible for a part of evidence of the existence of the spin-glass state as has been proposed by Yoshizawa et al., Phys. Rev. B
52, 1689 (1996). 相似文献
40.
The method has been developed to improve the bitumen product which incorporates an evaporator concentrate from a BWR, with respect to the swelling and leaching. The leachability of the product has been measured by the method recommended by the IAEA. The swelling of the product is successfully prevented by the addition of calcium chloride. The specimen containing the waste up to Wa/B (Weight ratio of Na2SO4 + CaCl2 and bitumen) = 60:40 shows no pronounced swelling, when it is immersed in water. The cumulative fractions of 137Cs and 60Co leached from a specimen which does not contain CaCl2 are 0.65 and 0.2 at the leaching time of 30 days. On the hand, the corresponding value at 100 days for the specimen with calcium chloride addition is 5 × 10?4 for 137Cs and 1 × 10?4 for 60Co. The coating of the specimen surface with a fresh bitumen (5 mm thickness) reduces the leachability further. These results indicate that this method is effective to improve the bitumen product incorporating BWR's evaporator concentrate. 相似文献