简易自动喷水灭火系统在中小型场所中的应用

通过中小型场所的火灾实体模拟试验,说明了在中小型场所中设置简易自动喷水灭火系统的可行性和重要性。     

建筑科学“三个走向”的发展趋势——走向自然共生、走向公共大众、走向地域文化

本文提出建筑科学大范围内发展趋势的“三个走向”,即走向自然共生、走向公共大众、走向地域文化,并以新世纪的新建筑实例说明这“三个走向”的发展趋势,这也是落实可持续发展战略的中心内容。     

北京远南大厦设计及其成败得失

介绍了北京南大厦供暖，空调通风，机械排风以及防排烟系统的设计概况，总结了设计中的成功经验，并结合运行情况，提出了一些在设计，生产，施工安装中应注意的问题。     

The creation of the incapable social tenant in Flanders,Belgium. An appraisal

As long as the social rented sector housed traditional families and the allocation procedures were rather loose, there was little commotion about the sector. A combination of a change in family structures, economic changes, and the strengthening of allocation procedures in favour of those most in need did change perceptions. Marginalisation and ghettoisation, especially of high-rise social housing estates, became buzzwords. This paper deals with the causes of these changes and with their implications. The marginalisation discourse calls for enlarging the target groups and estate-specific allocation procedures (to obtain a `social mix'). It illustrates a profound desire to diminish the number of ethnic minorities, single parents, single-person households and all kinds of people with a weak income profile who gain access to social rental housing. Furthermore, this discourse is reaching a crescendo: after it was started in the early 1990s by staff members of local social housing companies, it passed through the union of the social housing companies, the umbrella organisation of the sector, and parliament, reaching its greatest momentum so far in early 2002 when it was adopted by the Flemish housing minister. The counterpoint to this negative discourse is the high degree of satisfaction among social tenants, as observed in a study carried out in 1999. In our paper we will try to explain the background of these opposing trends and the possible consequences for the social rental housing in general and for tenants in particular.     

Effects of Air Inlet Configuration on Forced-Ventilation Enclosure Fires on a Naval Ship

The effects of air inlet configuration on pool fire behavior in a mechanically ventilated cabin were investigated. The closed cabin used was a model of a certain machinery cabin on a naval ship. Two air inlet configurations of one vent and two vents were taken into account together with five different elevations of air inlet. In one-vent cases, mass loss rate and gas temperature were lower and oxygen concentrations were higher than those of two-vent cases. With the increase of air inlet elevation, a sudden drop in average mass loss rate and peak temperature were found in the two-vent cases at the air inlet elevation of 1.56 m. In one-vent cases, a similar drop in average mass loss rate was found at the air inlet elevation of 0.88 m, while the peak temperature was almost unaffected by inlet elevation. According to temperature profiles and the characteristic parameter of the smoke layer stability, the formation of the smoke layer was destroyed by increasing the air inlet elevation or reducing the air inlets, and furthermore a more uniform distribution could be found. For the current cabin, the one-vent case with a lower air inlet elevation was recommended for smoke control, and the inlet should be set away from the essential equipment and the entrances of the cabin.     

GE板形模型的功能及应用

梅钢热轧板厂于2002年引进了先进的凸度仪、平直度仪及GE板形模型,采用模型对窜辊量与弯辊力进行设定与闭环控制,板形质量有了量化指标与控制手段,通过几年的应用与实践,对板形模型的工作原理有了一定了解,文章论述了模型的设定策略、分配策略及控制策略,并阐述了该模型在负荷分配的优化、轧辊磨损量的优化、F4～F6工作辊原始辊型的优化及轧制计划的优化等方面的应用.     

Structure and electrochemical properties of titanate perovskite with in situ exsolution as a ceramic electrode material

Journal of Electroceramics - In this work, the structure and electrochemical properties of titanate ceramics with in situ Ni exsolution are investigated to identify the structure-performance...     

The potential use of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fabaceae</Emphasis> lianas fibers in papermaking

The objective of this study was to anatomically characterize the fibers of nine species of Fabaceae lianas, to determine their potential in papermaking and to define which biometric parameters can be used to distinguish and identify individuals. The species presented average values of 76.81, 57.45, 42.55, and 1.81 for the felting index, wall fraction, coefficient of flexibility, and Runkel index, respectively. It is concluded that only M. ferox and M. madeirense can be recommended for papermaking.     

The impact of natural and artificial weathering on the visual,colour and structural changes of seven tropical woods

This study investigates the effects of wood weathering on changes in its macroscopic and colour characteristics in connection with changes in its molecular and anatomical structure. Seven hardwoods suitable for outdoor architecture—bangkirai, cumaru, cumaru rosa, ipé, jatobá, kusia, and massaranduba—were exposed to the exterior out of ground contact for 1–36 months according to EN 927-3, and for 1–12 weeks in Xenotest with water spraying according to partly modified EN 927-6. With prolonged weathering, the following changes occurred in the top surfaces of all tropical woods: (1) visual—creation of longitudinal macro-cracks, (2) spectrophotometry and CIE-L ^? a ^? b ^? —darkening in exterior exposure mainly due to pollutants, except for ipé, and vice versa lightening in Xenotest, as well as greening and blueing in both modes of exposure, (3) FTIR—faster decrease of guaiacyl than syringyl lignin, absolute decrease of conjugated and unconjugated carbonyl groups in the newly formed lignin-polysaccharide-extractive substrate in the photo-oxidized and washed-out cell walls, and decrease of cellulose crystallinity, (4) SEM—damaging of cell-walls by micro-cracks, and their degradation by thinning. Connections between changes of the individual characteristics of weathered woods, for example, between the colour (ΔE*, etc.) and the molecular structure (carbonyls, etc.), were also determined.     

Characteristics of cricket (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gryllus bimaculatus</Emphasis>) chitosan and chitosan-based nanoparticles

The field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) is commonly consumed as food in different parts of the world. This study was performed to characterize the chitosan extracted from crickets and to assess its potential use to the growing functional market. The degree of deacetylation (DA), Fourier-transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, molecular mass, scanning electron microscopy spectra, and color were measured. Cricket chitosan nanoparticles were prepared, and the optimal conditions were identified. The molecular mass of the cricket chitosan was lower than that of commercial chitosan; however, the DA, FTIR, and XRD spectra were similar. The particle size (208.27 ± 3.47 nm), zeta potential (35.72 ± 1.29 mV), and polydispersity index (PDI: 0.27 ± 0.03) of the cricket chitosan NPs were superior to the commercial. Addition of NaCl reduced the cricket chitosan NPs size up to 15.5%. This finding is a novel trial to prove the availability of the insect chitosan with a low molecular mass as an active carrier source.