Multi-Omics Revealed Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Guard Cell Systemic Acquired Resistance

Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) improves immunity of plant systemic tissue after local exposure to a pathogen. Guard cells that form stomatal pores on leaf surfaces recognize bacterial pathogens via pattern recognition receptors, such as Flagellin Sensitive 2 (FLS2). However, how SAR affects stomatal immunity is not known. In this study, we aim to reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the guard cell response to SAR using multi-omics of proteins, metabolites and lipids. Arabidopsis plants previously exposed to pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) exhibit an altered stomatal response compared to control plants when they are later exposed to the bacteria. Reduced stomatal apertures of SAR primed plants lead to decreased number of bacteria in leaves. Multi-omics has revealed molecular components of SAR response specific to guard cells functions, including potential roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fatty acid signaling. Our results show an increase in palmitic acid and its derivative in the primed guard cells. Palmitic acid may play a role as an activator of FLS2, which initiates stomatal immune response. Improved understanding of how SAR signals affect stomatal immunity can aid biotechnology and marker-based breeding of crops for enhanced disease resistance.     

Evaluation of the Effects of Developmental Trauma on Neurotransmitter Systems Using Functional Molecular Imaging

Early life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia in adulthood. To date, biological, behavioral, and structural aspects of ELS have been studied extensively, but their functional effects remain unclear. Here, we examined NeuroPET studies of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic systems in ELS animal models. Maternal separation and restraint stress were used to generate single or complex developmental trauma. Body weights of animals exposed to single trauma were similar to those of control animals; however, animals exposed to complex trauma exhibited loss of body weight when compared to controls. In behavioral tests, the complex developmental trauma group exhibited a decrease in time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and an increase in immobility time in the forced swim test when compared to control animals. In NeuroPET studies, the complex trauma group displayed a reduction in brain uptake values when compared to single trauma and control groups. Of neurotransmitter systems analyzed, the rate of decrease in brain uptake was the highest in the serotonergic group. Collectively, our results indicate that developmental trauma events induce behavioral deficits, including anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes and dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems.     

大型软包锂离子电池的热物性实验研究

针对大型软包锂离子电池热物性参数的测定问题,提出适用于该型电池的热参数表征方法. 基于准稳态导热原理,建立电池的传热理论模型. 开展实验研究电池的比定压热容和导热系数与温度的依变关系,分析热损对测试结果的影响,对测试方法的有效性进行验证. 结果表明,电池比定压热容随着温度的升高而线性增大,导热系数受温度的影响较小. 在900 s内可以测得电池热参数在10~60 °C下的变化状况,实验验证结果显示测算精度高于92.3%,具有测算周期短、准确度高和测试灵活等优势.     

基于全局灵敏度的互联电网阻尼提升策略

针对互联电网中潜在的弱阻尼低频振荡,提出了一种基于索波尔(Sobol')法全局灵敏度的阻尼提升策略,实现低频振荡的早期有效抑制.首先,利用随机子空间辨识(stochastic subspace identification,SSI)算法实现从系统随机响应数据中提取系统的振荡频率、阻尼比等,当系统的区间模式阻尼比小于5％时发出预警,进而利用Sobol'法辨识影响系统阻尼的关键机组,实现参调发电机的选取,并应用优化算法快速确定有功功率调整量,实现区间弱阻尼模式阻尼比的提升.最后,利用IEEE 4机2区系统的仿真结果验证了本文算法的有效性和可行性.     

真空磁压缩等离子弧焊接方法的研究

本文介绍了一种新的焊接方法——真空磁压缩等离子弧焊接。真空磁压缩等离子弧是将低真空中的自由电弧用与电极同轴向的磁场压缩后获得的。实验表明,随着气压的降低,自由电弧会越来越扩展,弧根区的电流密度越来越低,直至产生“旁弧”,不能稳定燃烧而熄灭。而且这种低真空自由电弧难以用和普通等离子弧相似的机械方法压缩。采用轴向磁场可以有效地压缩真空电弧。磁压缩的效果随气压的降低趋于明显,气压低于1.33×10~2Pa 时,几十分之一特斯拉(T)的磁场就可获得略粗于电极、上下直径近似相等的弧柱,我们称之为真空磁压缩等离子弧。使用真空磁压缩等离子弧作为热源,可以焊接一般金属和活泼金属,其熔透工件的能力可超过大气氩弧,并可用调节磁场强度的方法,调节电弧的能量分布。与常规氩弧焊、等离子孤焊、电子束焊相比,真空磁压缩等离子弧焊接有其独到的优点,可望在不久的将来获得广泛的应用。     

一款运动型轿车轮胎的开发与调校

以国内市场运动型新车型开发需求为例,结合运动型车型定位,确定性能开发优先级,选定标准胎;根据性能的目标要求,从轮胎外轮廓,花纹,施工三方面对该款产品进行针对性设计与开发,开发前期对产品进行了两次有限元分析;后期进行了两次轮胎开发与调校,对样胎进行制动性、操控性,NVH,舒适性的实车评价;第一次调校后的产品性能劣势进行分析,对产品方案进行调整与优化。第二次调校后在达成轮胎与车辆匹配目标性能后,对轮胎设计参数进行固化,开始着手批量生产事宜。     

PIPD/Cu2 纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及性能

以聚(2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯撑吡啶并二咪唑)(PIPD)为基体、三氟乙酸(TFA)和甲烷磺酸(MSA)为混酸,通过混酸剥离-去质子化诱导凝胶-冷冻干燥-惰性气氛高温处理制备出PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶.对PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶的形貌和结构进行表征,结果表明,混酸法制备PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶过程中,强质子酸破环了PIPD纤维的晶区和取向,PIPD主体的化学结构未发生明显变化.制得的PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶具有蜂窝孔结构、低密度(6.90～15.2 mg/cm3)和高孔隙率(99.1％～99.6％).当PIPD含量(以MSA和TFA总质量为基准,下同)不高于1％时,PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶无明显收缩.惰性氛围高温处理使PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶具有弹性.水平垂直燃烧、极限氧指数(LOI)、导热系数测试表明,PIPD含量为0.5％的纳米纤维气凝胶达到不可燃水平(UL-94,V-0级),LOI高达49.2％,100℃下低热传导性〔导热系数为0.052 W/(m·K)〕.此外,引入Cu2+配位交联网络提高PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶的压缩应力,增强后气凝胶的压缩应力是初始PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶的约16倍.     

二元聚合物的合成及在稠油W/O乳液中的应用

采用丙烯酸(AA)与自制丙烯酸壬基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯酯(NPEAA)为原料、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、甲苯为溶剂制备了二元聚合物稠油破乳剂.采用FTIR、1HNMR对产物结构进行了确证,GPC测试了产物相对分子质量;采用荧光光谱仪与表面张力仪测得其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.5 g/L,表面张力为25.684 mN/m.并以脱水率和脱出污水含油量为衡量指标,探讨了不同因素下聚合物破乳剂对陈庄稠油W/O乳液的破乳脱水性能.最佳破乳条件为:温度55℃、时间2.0 h、破乳剂用量0.5 g/L,在此条件下,脱水率为88.5％,脱出水中含油量为198.4 mg/L.研究了聚合物破乳剂对乳状液表观黏度、体系稳定性、油水界面的影响以及微观破乳过程,分析得出聚合物破乳剂在油水界面处易溶解扩散,脱水速率快,破乳效果好.