Synthesis of diastereomeric mixture of 15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane,contact sex pheromone of tsetse fly,Glossina morsitans morsitans westwood

A nine-step synthesis is described for a diastereomeric mixture of 15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane, a contact sex pheromone ofGlossina morsitans morsitans Westwood. The compound has been synthesized by means of double alkylation of diethyl 3-oxoglutarate (DEOG) with 3-methyl-2-heptadecenyl methanesulfonate, which was readily prepared from 1-hexadecene, as the key step.This study constitutes Part XII of Selective Alkylation of Diethyl 3-Oxoglutarate. Part XI of this series, see Naoshima et al. (1984).     

Exploratory research on creep and fatigue properties of 9Cr-steels for the steam generator of an FBR

Research on the applicability of 9Cr-steels to the steam generator of the demonstration fast breeder reactor was performed by the Subcommittee of the Japan Welding Engineering Society as a four-year program from 1985. In this program, exploratory tests, which included tensile, creep rupture and low-cycle fatigue tests, were conducted on three kinds of 9Cr-steels (Mod.9Cr-1Mo, 9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb, and 9Cr-2Mo) and their weldments. This paper describes the summary of results obtained in this program. Among the tested 9Cr-steels, Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel shows the best creep rupture strength and its weldment indicates almost the same level of creep rupture strength and the base metal at 500 and 550°C. The low-cycle fatigue properties of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel is also discussed from its relation to the tensile properties.     

A Digital Variable-Angle Rolling-Ball Viscometer for Measurement of Viscosity,Density, and Bubble-Point Pressure of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and Organic Liquid Mixtures

A new apparatus was developed for measuring the viscosity, density, and bubble-point pressure of CO₂ and organic liquid mixtures. The apparatus is based on the rolling-ball principle and consists of a computer-controlled stepper motor that rotates a high-pressure cell that is equipped with a sapphire window, a movable piston, and a position-sensing device. Design of the high-pressure cell was made such that compositions could be determined by mass. The viscosity was determined by sensing the speed of a rolling ball, and the density was determined by sensing the position of the piston with a linear-variable differential transformer. Bubble-point pressures were measured with the synthetic method. The viscosity and density of octane and decane were measured, and the average deviations of these properties compared with reliable literature values were 1.1 % and 0.15 %, respectively. The viscosity and density of CO₂ + tetrahydrofuran system were measured at a temperature of 60 °C, a pressure of 10.2 MPa, and CO₂ mole fractions up to 0.3. Bubble-point pressures for the CO₂ + tetrahydrofuran system were in good agreement with literature data.     

Sodium Dodecylsulphate Electrophoretic Demonstration of Selective Adsorption of Gelatin Polypeptides on Silver Halide Particles-A Qualitative Examination

The gelatin fraction adsorbed on silver iodobromide particles was recovered by dissolution of the particles with sodium thiosulphate. The sodium dodecylsulphate, SDS, electrophoretic pattern of the recovered fraction was clearly different from that of the original gelatin. This is a direct indication of selective adsorption. Extraction of the adsorbed gelatin from the particles was examined with several reagents. Among them, the SDS extract gave a similar electrophoretic pattern to that of the fixation-recovered fraction. Electrophoretic patterns of SDS-extracted fractions from AgCl, AgBr and Agl particles indicate that the absorptions by these silver halides are selective and selectivity by each silver halide is different.     

Study of a failure mechanism during UIS switching of planar PT-IGBT with current sense cell

IGBT with sense emitter cells are used in power applications where current sensing or feedback is needed to guarantee safe operation of the switching device. In this paper we show, by experimental measurements and simulations, how the coupling of undesired voltages to the sense cell that is disconnected from the main IGBT emitter is able to trigger the latch-up of the entire device during inductive switching leading to its failure. Being able to reproduce the failure phenomenon by 2D simulations we are able to identify the possible physical cause of this phenomenon.     

Gene expression in the supraoptic nucleus.

The magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) express multiple kinds of genes, including not only the classical hormones arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT), but also other physiologically active substances including neuropeptides, their receptors, and nitric oxide (NO) synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of NO under physiological condition. For example, osmotic stimuli such as dehydration and chronic salt loading cause a wide range of changes of the expression levels of the genes and marked induction of the expression of the genes in the SON. The expression of the NO synthase gene in the SON under physiological conditions is reviewed.     

Development of elevated temperature structural design guide for Japanese demonstration breeder reactor

Programs to develop the “elevated temperature structural design guide for the demonstration fast breeder reactor” (DDS) in Japan have been conducted since 1987. The DDS is to be developed on the basis of the “elevated temperature structural design guide for class 1 components of prototype fast breeder reactors” (ETSDG), by considering structural and material features of the demonstration fast breeder reactor (DFBR) and incorporating results of the latest R&D. This paper describes the progress of the R& D concept of the DDS, and discusses some typical results of current studies on the DDS.     

Statistical outlier detection using direct density ratio estimation

We propose a new statistical approach to the problem of inlier-based outlier detection, i.e., finding outliers in the test set based on the training set consisting only of inliers. Our key idea is to use the ratio of training and test data densities as an outlier score. This approach is expected to have better performance even in high-dimensional problems since methods for directly estimating the density ratio without going through density estimation are available. Among various density ratio estimation methods, we employ the method called unconstrained least-squares importance fitting (uLSIF) since it is equipped with natural cross-validation procedures, allowing us to objectively optimize the value of tuning parameters such as the regularization parameter and the kernel width. Furthermore, uLSIF offers a closed-form solution as well as a closed-form formula for the leave-one-out error, so it is computationally very efficient and is scalable to massive datasets. Simulations with benchmark and real-world datasets illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.