A mathematical model was developed for a ball-and-race mill based on specific rates of breakage and primary fragment distributions. The model includes internal classification of particles falling back into the race and external classification due to the built-on classifier. It was demonstrated that the normalized primary fragment distribution produced in a pilot-scale Babcock E-type mill of 17 in. race diameter was the same as in the Hardgrove laboratory test mill and that the specific rates of breakage varied with particle size in the same manner. Steady-state continuous tests on the pilot-scale mill showed that breakage rates depended on the rate of feed, since the mill pulled less power at low feed rates. This effect plus the residence time effect gave coarser product size distributions at low and high feed rates than at a medium feed rate. Model simulations based on parameters measured in the Hardgrove mill correctly predicted the product size distribution from the E-type mill. 相似文献
It is necessary for encapsulants to have not only a suitable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compatible to IC devices and a low dielectric constant to reduce the device propagation delay, but also a high thermal conductivity to dissipate large amounts of heat from power-hungry, high-speed IC and high-density packages. Fillers such as silica have been mixed with polymers to improve their properties. Aluminum nitride (AlN) is considered as an alternative one, because it has a higher theoretical thermal conductivity of ∼320 W/mK1, a compatible CTE with silicon chips and a low dielectric constant. Commercial AlN fillers are angular in shape, because they are prepared via grinding coarse AlN powders synthesized by direct nitridation of aluminum metal and classification. The angular AlN are not expected to have high fluidity when mixed with polymers and hence low packing density. Recently, we successfully obtained single-crystalline spherical AlN fillers. Furthermore, polymer composites filled with the spherical AlN showed excellent thermal conductivity (>8 W/mK) as encapsulants for dissipating the heat generated in electronic devices. 相似文献
Summary
In order to obtain materials with nanopores which will be applicable for many fields, the structures of the cured blends of phenolic resin (PhN), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and curing agent were studied. After PMMA was extracted from cured blends, the structures of cured phenolic resins were observed with SEM. As a results, it was found that nanosized continuous pore structures were formed in extremely wide composition region if curing temperature was high. 相似文献
In this paper, we propose a new video conferencing system that presents correct gaze directions of a remote user by switching among images obtained from multiple cameras embedded in a screen according to a local user’s position. Our proposed method reproduces a situation like that in which the remote user is in the same space as the local user. The position of the remote user to be displayed on the screen is determined so that the positional relationship between the users is reproduced. The system selects one of the embedded cameras whose viewing direction towards the remote user is the closest to the local user’s viewing direction to the remote user’s image on the screen. As a result of quantitative evaluation, we confirmed that, in comparison with the case using a single camera, the accuracy of gaze estimation was improved by switching among the cameras according to the position of the local user.
The 3D quantitative measurement system for a sewer pipe is introduced. Two parallel lasers are rotated by the motor and draw
the two annular streaks on the inside surface of the pipe. The circular laser streaks are recorded by the CCD camera. The
measurement of the cross-section is established by analyzing the recorded streaks. The tilt of the robot against the axis
of the pipe is detected by the deviation between two parallel lasers. It enables us to measure the vertical cross section
of the pipe regardless the tilt of the system to the pipe. Experimental result shows the feasibility of the system.
This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
31–February 2, 2008 相似文献
PID control has widely used in the field of process control and a lot of methods have been used to design PID parameters.
When the characteristic values of a controlled object are changed due to a change over the years or disturbance, the skilled
operators observe the feature of the controlled responses and adjust the PID parameters using their knowledge and know-how,
and a lot of labors are required to do it. In this research, we design a learning type PID control system using the stochastic
automaton with learning function, namely learning automaton, which can autonomously adjust the control parameters updating
the state transition probability using relative amount of controlled error. We show the effectiveness of the proposed learning
type PID control system by simulations.
This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
31–February 2, 2008 相似文献
We propose a genetic algorithm-based method for designing an autonomous trader agent. The task of the proposed method is to
find an optimal set of fuzzy if–then rules that best represents the behavior of a target trader agent. A highly profitable
trader agent is used as the target in the proposed genetic algorithm. A trading history for the target agent is obtained from
a series of futures trading. The antecedent part of fuzzy if–then rules considers time-series data of spot prices, while the
consequent part indicates the order of trade (Buy, Sell, or No action) with its degree of certainty. The proposed method determines the antecedent part of fuzzy if–then rules. The consequent
part of fuzzy if–then rules is automatically determined from the trading history of the target trader agent. The autonomous
trader agent designed by the proposed genetic algorithm consists of a fixed number of fuzzy if–then rules. The decision of
the autonomous trader agent is made by fuzzy inference from the time-series data of spot prices.
This work was presented in part at the 11th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
23–25, 2006 相似文献
To construct a “thinking-like” processing system, a new architecture of an adaptive associative memory system is proposed.
This memory system treats “images” as basic units of information, and adapts to the environment of the external world by means
of autonomous reactions between the images. The images do not have to be clear, distinct symbols or patterns; they can be
ambiguous, indistinct symbols or patterns as well. This memory system is a kind of neural network made up of nodes and links
called a localist spreading activation network. Each node holds one image in a localist manner. Images in high-activity nodes
interact autonomously and generate new images and links. By this reaction between images, various forms of images are generated
automatically under constraints of links with adjacent nodes. In this system, three simple image reaction operations are defined.
Each operation generates a new image by combining pseudofigures or features and links of two images.
This work was presented, in part, at the Fourth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
19–22, 1999 相似文献
Copper-bearing deposits of China are statistically analyzed in terms of ore grade, metal amount and ore tonnage. Each of grade
and metal amount shows more or less a lognormal distribution. Analysis gives 10 copper metallogenic districts, each having
specific densities of deposit numbers and copper reserves larger than 3. Based on the ratio of copper in ore value (RCu), Chinese copper deposits are classified into two groups: mainly copper-producing deposits (MC: RCu⩾0.5) and accessorily copper-producing deposits (AC: RCu<0.5). The grade-tonnage relation of MC deposits can be combined by two exponential functions approximating high grade (>3.0%)
and low grade (<2.0%) parts. The critical copper grade, which is obtained from the low grade part of the relation, is 0.34%.
Chinese copper resources are concluded to become pessimistic, because some mines are working with grades close to this critical
value. Taking account of the fact that many copper deposits are actually polymetallic, Cu-equivalent grades, which are converted
from ratios of metal prices to the copper price, are also introduced. The critical Cu-equivalent grade of MC deposits (0.43%)
also suggests that Chinese copper resources are pessimistic. 相似文献