毛用活性染料染色中缓释剂的作用

讨论了在毛用活性染料对羊毛染色过程中，可变pH染浴对染料上染率与固色率的影响。应用硫酸铵使染浴的起染pH值稍低于7，能得到较好的染色均匀性，随着染浴温度的升高，硫酸铵分解生成硫酸和易挥发的氨气，而使染浴的pH值逐渐下降。染料与纤维在这种条件下缓慢反应形成共价键，从而取得较高的上染率和固色率，所得染品均匀性好，固色率高，各项染色牢度合格，减少环境污染。     

Sorption of aromatic organic contaminants by biopolymers: effects of pH, copper (II) complexation, and cellulose coating

Sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) (i.e., pyrene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, and 1-naphthol) by original and coated biopolymers was examined. Lignin yielded nonlinear isotherms due to its glassy character. Except for pyrene, cellulose showed linear isotherms for other compounds, indicating a partitioning dominant mechanism. Sorption of 1-naphthol by lignin decreased with increasing pH, attributed to both the increased pi e theta-pi e theta repulsion and weakened hydrogen bonds, while the affinity reduction of cellulose for 1-naphthol with increasing pH resulted from only the decrease in H-bonding due to its absence of benzene ring. Complexation of lignin with Cu2+ increased the sorption affinity for phenanthrene (2.6 times) and slightly enhanced its isotherm nonlinearity. For 1-naphthol, lignin-Cu2+ complex had a much higher sorption capacity (7 times)than the original lignin, accompanied bythe increased isotherm nonlinearity. Cellulose-coated lignin showed increased sorption affinity and more pronounced nonlinearity for 1-naphthol than the lignin-Cu2+ complex. In comparison, cellulose coating exhibited little effect on sorption affinity for phenanthrene relative to the lignin-Cu2+ complex. Isotherm nonlinearity of coated lignins increased with increasing cellulose coating, indicating more condensed domains produced, supported by an increase (from 68.9 degrees C for the original lignin to 82.4 degrees C for the highest cellulose coating level) in glass transition temperature (Tg). Results of this study highlightthe importance of structure, polarity, surface O-containing functional groups, and surface charges of biopolymers in controlling HOC sorption.     

硫酸沙丁胺醇脉冲缓释片的制备

目的探讨制备硫酸沙丁胺醇脉冲缓释片的方法。方法用粉末直接压片法制备片心,干压包衣技术制备脉冲缓释片。正交试验优选处方,对最优处方进行体外释放度验证。结果脉冲缓释片迟滞时间为2￣3h,迟滞后药物释放符合Higuchi方程。结论硫酸沙丁胺醇脉冲缓释片处方设计和工艺方法可行,质量稳定。     

基于遗传算法的浆池循环泵V带可靠性优化设计

通过运用可靠性设计理论及优化设计理论，建立了浆池循环泵V带可靠性优化设计的数学模型。以V带传动依概率不发生疲劳断裂和打滑为主要可靠性约束条件，带传动的体积最小为优化目标，利用遗传算法进行优化求解。设计结果显示它不仅使V带有较高的可靠性而且体积有较大减小。     

特用甜菜叶绿素和花青素的提取与研究

采用80％丙酮提取法提取食用红甜菜和饲用甜菜叶片中的叶绿素；用0．1M盐酸提取叶片中的花青素。在整个生育期内，对三份材料的叶绿素和花青素含量进行测定。结果表明：叶绿素变化趋势是苗期最低，然后逐渐升高，到收获前又稍有下降，但不同材料出现最高值的时期不同；在同一时期，食甜一品红的叶绿素含量最高，饲用甜菜的叶绿素含量最低，北京红居中；食甜一品红的叶绿素含量最高值出现较早。花青素的变化趋势是苗期含量最低，但随后的变化趋势各异；在整个生育期内食甜一品红和北京红的花青素变化幅度较大，饲用甜菜变化幅度较小；三份材料的花青素含量差异较大，同一时期食甜一品红的花青素含量最高，北京红稍低，而饲用甜菜的花青素含量很低。综合两方面来看，首选品种为食甜一品红，北京红可作为搭配品种，饲用甜菜可从块根的营养组分上再进行研究。     

Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in north China: a winter-time study

The contamination and outflow of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Chinese Northern Plain, a region with a total area of 300 000 km2 and a high PAH emission density, were investigated. Polyurethane foam (PUF) and PM10 samples were collected at 46 sites located in urban, rural (towns or villages), and control (remote mountain) areas in the winter from November 2005 to February 2006. The observed concentrations of atmospheric PAHs were generally higher than those reported for developed countries and southern Chinese cities. It was found that there was no significant difference in air PAH concentrations between the urban and the rural areas (514 +/- 563 ng/m3 and 610 +/- 645 ng/ m3, respectively), while the PAH concentrations at the control sites (57.1 +/- 12.6 ng/m3) were 1 order of magnitude lower than those at the other sites. The primary reason for the similarity in PAH concentrations between urban and rural areas was the fact that the predominant sources of biomass and domestic coal combustion were widely spread over the study area. The partition constants (K(PM10)) of PAHs were significantly correlated to the corresponding values of subcooled liquid-vapor pressure (pL0). However, the regression slopes of log K(PM10) versus log pL0 were much steeper than -1, indicating adsorption dominated over absorption. Three distinct patterns of outflow from the study area were identified by forward trajectory and cluster analysis.     

漆酶及其应用

漆酶是一种含铜多酚氧化酶,具有催化氧化酚型底物的能力.漆酶在很多领域得到了广泛的应用.本文主要从纸浆的生物漂白、生物制浆、去除氯酚类化合物的毒性等几个方面进行了介绍.     

Effects of ultrasound intensities on a glycin–maltose model system – a means of promoting Maillard reaction

Effects of ultrasound on pH, intermediate products, browning, maltose content, reducing power and antioxidant activity of a glycin–maltose solution were investigated. Results showed that the ultrasonic treatment at the intensity of 17.83 W cm^?2 for 100 min resulted in the increases of the solution’s absorbance at 294 and 420 nm and the antioxidant activity from approximately 0% to 1.06%, 0.30% and 22.53%, respectively. At the same time, 86.93% reduction in maltose was observed. In addition, little 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde was found in HPLC analyses. This study indicated that ultrasound, especially at higher intensities, could potentially be employed as a means to promote the Maillard reaction in the glycin–maltose solution.     

B样条正交小波的构造

基于Mallat多尺度分析理论,用Daubechies的正交小波构造方法,构造出任意阶基数B样条规范小波,并给出了相应的小波函数,尺度函数,正交象波器H和G的时频响应表达式,这类小波产生的小波基适用于一维和二维信号分解与重建过程中的Mallat快速算法。