离子交换树脂在糖汁脱盐中的应用

介绍了离子交换树脂在糖汁中脱盐的情况。并在现有国情下,选出了目前最佳的脱盐工艺路线并确定了工程技术方案。     

Organochlorine pesticides in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin, China

Samples of eight types of vegetables, the rhizosphere soils, and bulk soils were collected from two sites (A and B) in Tianjin, China for the determination of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and metabolites (DDXs). The average concentrations of total HCHs and DDXs in the bulk soils were 3.6 and 80.1 ng/g for site A and 102 and 235 ng/g for site B, respectively. Relative accumulations of HCHs and DDXs in the rhizosphere soil from site A but not site B were demonstrated. The concentrations of total HCHs and DDXs in vegetable roots were 3.6-60 and 4.2-73 ng/g for site A and 15-152 and 7.1-136 ng/g for site B, respectively. Difference in bioaccumulation among various vegetables, especially between tuber and fibrous vegetables was significant. DDXs in spinach and cauliflower from site B and lindane (gamma-HCH) in cauliflower from both sites and violet from site B exceeded the maximum residual limits. Linear correlation of log-transformed HCHs and DDXs contents between the vegetable roots and the rhizosphere soils suggests the direct uptake of HCHs and DDXs.     

The impact of processing on phytic acid,in vitro soluble iron and Phy/Fe molar ratio of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

BACKGROUND: Faba bean is one of the important legumes in Asian countries. It is also a major source of micronutrients in many rural areas. Unfortunately, the bioavailability of iron from faba bean is low because it is present as an insoluble complex with food components such as phytic acid. The influence of soaking, germination and fermentation with the expectation of increasing the bioavailability of iron was investigated. RESULTS: Fermentation treatments were most effective in decreasing phytic acid (48–84%), followed by soaking at 10 °C after preheating (36–51%). Steeping faba beans for 24 h at 25 °C had the least effect on the removal of phytic acid (9–24%). With increased germination time at 30 °C, phytic acid progressively decreased from 9 to 69%. Most wet processing procedures, except soaking after wet preheating, caused losses of dry matter and iron (8–15%). In vitro iron solubility, as a percentage of total iron in soaked faba bean after dry preheating, was significantly higher than in raw faba bean (P < 0.05). Fermentation and germination did not have significant effects on the solubility of iron. CONCLUSION: The expected improvement of iron bioavailability levels due to lower phytic acid was not confirmed by increasing levels of in vitro soluble iron. Soaking, germination and fermentation can decrease phytic acid in faba bean. However, results from in vitro solubility measurement of iron showed little improvement of iron bioavailability in fermented and germinated faba beans over untreated raw faba beans (P < 0.05). It seems that componets of dietary fibre other than phytic acid are more important in binding iron. Probably, a complex association between dietary fibre and iron is the reason for the poor bioavailability of iron in faba bean. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bioeffects of chromium(III) on the growth of Spirulina platensis and its biotransformation

BACKGROUND: In this study the bioeffects of chromium(III) (Cr(III)) on the growth of Spirulina platensis and its biotransformation were investigated. Spirulina platensis was batch cultured in Zarrouk medium containing different concentrations of CrCl₃ · 6H₂O. Total and organic Cr contents in S. platensis were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), and Cr speciation was assayed by high‐performance liquid chromatography/ICP‐MS. RESULTS: Results based on the dry weight, growth curve, chlorophyll yield and morphology change of S. platensis indicated that the growth of S. platensis was facilitated by Cr(III) below 4.51 mol L^?1 and inhibited by a higher concentration of Cr(III). It was found that Cr(III) could be accumulated efficiently in S. platensis, with a highest Cr yield of 173.17 g kg^?1 and a highest organic Cr proportion of 50.19 g kg^?1 (96.04% of the total concentration of Cr). No evidence of oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in S. platensis cells was found. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that S. platensis could potentially be used as a safe food carrier to accumulate Cr(III) through some metabolic process. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Development of an assay for rapid identification of meat from yak and cattle using polymerase chain reaction technique

Yak meat is of good quality with fine texture, high protein and low fat content, and rich in amino acids compared with that of cattle, and it lacks anabolic steroids or other drugs. In general terms, however, the meat yield of yak is relatively low compared with that of the cattle. In order to prevent possible adulteration of yak meat with cattle meat, based on the sequence of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, a multiplex PCR-based approach was proposed for rapid identification of the meat from yak and cattle using three primers designed in this work. Through the combinatorial usage of three primers with a single reaction set, two fragments of 290 and 159 bp were amplified from the cattle meat DNA, whereas only a fragment of 290 bp was obtained from the yak meat DNA. Using the assay described, satisfactory amplification was accomplished in the analysis of raw and heat-treated binary meat mixtures of yak/cattle with a detection limit of 0.1% for cattle meat. The technique is fast and straightforward. It might be a useful tool in the quality control of yak meat and meat products.     

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Behavior of a Hot-Extruded TiAl Containing Ta

对热挤压后新型Ti Al合金Ti-46.5Al-3Ta-2Cr-0.2W的微观结构,力学性能及氧化行为进行了研究。结果表明,该合金挤压后微观组织主要由γ和α2相组成近片层组织,其片层晶粒尺寸为50~70μm。通过不同冷却速率获得了等轴,近片层及全片层的结构,尤其是在油淬后的组织中发现了大量的块状相。拉伸试验结果表明,挤压后的合金室温屈服强度和抗拉伸强度分别从807和846 MPa,降至800℃的620和760 MPa,而其伸长率从2.16%提高至3%左右,说明该合金在高温条件下依然具有较高的强度。断口观察表明,与其他合金相比,该合金的裂纹长度较小,而且Ta的添加有利于合金塑性的提高。最后对新型Ti Al基合金在800℃氧化行为进行了讨论,发现Ta的加入可以降低氧在Ti Al合金的溶解度,同时因其本身具有低的扩散率,在升高温度时能抑制Ti O2的生长。     

快速凝固制备La2Mg0．9Ni7．5Co1．5Al0.1贮氢合金的相结构及电化学性能

采用感应熔铸＋退火处理及快速凝固方法制备了La2Mg0．9Ni7．5Co1．5Al0.1贮氢合金。系统研究了快速凝固对合金的相结构、微观组织及电化学性能的影响。XRD分析表明，随着冷却速率的增加，La2Mg0．9Ni7．5Co1．5Al0.1合金的相组成发生了明显变化。退火合金由αLa2Ni7主相（Ce2Ni7型结构）和少量LaNi3相（PuNi3型结构）组成。随着冷却速率的增加，合金中出现LaNi5相（CaCu5型结构）和LaMgNi4（MgCu4Sn型结构）相，且新相的相丰度增加，aLa2Ni7相和LaNi3相的丰度减少。EPMA分析表明，快速凝固方法制备的La2Mg0．9Ni7．5Co1．5Al0.1贮氢合金为柱状晶组织且晶粒细小。合金电极的电化学测试表明，冷却速率对合金的活化性能影响不大。随冷却速率的增加，合金的最大放电容量减少、高倍率放电性能下降。在较低的冷却速率下（5m／s），合金电极的循环稳定性改善不明显，而随着凝固速度的进一步增加（20m／s），合金电极表现出较好的循环稳定性。     

自然山区大气景观模拟显示方法初探

提出了一个模拟大气、云雾等自然环境的照明模型，对视线距离较大，视野开阔的自然景物造型，如山体造型，更具有真实感效果，可获得模拟云、雾等天气特征的三维地形风景图。实验效果令人满意，并具有简单实用之特点。     

便携式地面测控系统

为适应无人机地面测控技术的发展要求,设计一种便携式无人机地面控制系统。分析便携式无人机控制系统的基本技术和原理,着重探究便携式地面测控系统的工作原理,通过采用操纵杆和键盘指令由测控计算机完成向无人机靶机发送遥控指令。试验和测试结果表明,所设计的无人机靶机地面测控系统具有一定的可行性。     

下游梯级河川式水库冲淤计算与预测

本文考虑到下游梯级水库形态的变化同时受到上游梯级水库和其自身水库调蓄运用的影响,提出下游梯级河川式水库冲淤计算的方法。后经紫兰坝水库河工模型验证,表明该法精度良好,计算结果与实验比较一致。