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81.
82.
A novel series of temperature‐sensitive poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(ethyl methacrylate)] (p(NIPAM‐co‐EMA)) microgels was prepared by the surfactant‐free radical polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with ethyl methacrylate (EMA). The shape, size dispersity and volume‐phase transition behavior of the microgels were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The transmission electron micrographs and DLS results showed that microgels with narrow distributions were prepared. It was shown from UV–Vis, DLS and DSC measurements that the volume‐phase transition temperature (VPTT) of the p(NIPAM‐co‐EMA) microgels decreased with increasing incorporation of EMA, but the temperature‐sensitivity was impaired when more EMA was incorporated, causing the volume‐phase transition of the microgels to become more continuous. It is noteworthy that incorporation of moderate amounts of EMA could not only lower the VPTT but also enhance the temperature‐sensitivity of the microgels. The reason for this phenomenon could be attributed to changes in the complicated interactions between the various molecules. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
83.
An approximate model of coupled Markov chains is proposed and analyzed for a slotted ALOHA system with a finite number of buffered nodes. This model differs from earlier ones in that it attempts to capture the interdependence between the nodes. The analytical results lead to a set of equations that, when solved numerically, yield the average packet delay. Comparison between computational and simulation results for a small number of nodes show excellent agreement for most throughput values, except for values near saturation. Numerical comparisons for a two-node system show that a nonsymmetric loading of the system provides better delay-throughput performance than a symmetric one. 相似文献
84.
Zhibin Xiong Haitao Liu Chunxiang Zhu Sin J.K.O. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》2005,52(12):2629-2633
In this paper, a new polysilicon CMOS self-aligned double-gate thin-film transistor (SA-DG TFT) technology is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The self-alignment between the top- and bottom-gate is realized by a backlight exposure technique. The structure has an ultrathin channel region (300 /spl Aring/) and a thick source/drain region. Experimental results show that this technology provides excellent current saturation due to a combination of the effective reduction in the drain field and the full depletion of the ultrathin channel. Moreover, for n-channel devices, the SA-DG TFT has a 4.2 times higher on-current (V/sub gs/=20V) as compared to the conventional single-gate TFT. Whereas for the p-channel devices, the SADG TFT has a 3.6 times higher on-current (V/sub gs/=-20V) compared to the conventional single-gate device. 相似文献
85.
A subspace detection method of analog space-time codes for multiantenna ultra-wideband transmissions
Xiantao Cheng Weile Zhu 《Communications Letters, IEEE》2005,9(6):493-495
In this letter, we propose a subspace based detection method for space-time block codes (STBC) wedded with ultra-wideband (UWB) transmissions. Without the need of channel information, the proposed algorithm yields the estimation of transmitted symbols by minimizing some quadratic form built on the orthogonality between signal and noise subspaces. Simulations in flat-faded application scenarios show that the subspace method can achieve the same diversity and a loss of about 2 dB at the 10/sup -3/ level with more than four successive space-time codes being decoded jointly, compared to the coherent decoding algorithm. 相似文献
86.
End-to-End QoS for Video Delivery Over Wireless Internet 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Zhang Q. Zhu W. Zhang Y. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》2005,93(1):123-134
Providing end-to-end quality of service (QoS) support is essential for video delivery over the next-generation wireless Internet. We address several key elements in the end-to-end QoS support, including scalable video representation, network-aware end system, and network QoS provisioning. There are generally two approaches in QoS support: the network-centric and the end-system centric solutions. The fundamental problem in a network-centric solution is how to map QoS criterion at different layers respectively, and optimize total quality across these layers. We first present the general framework of a cross-layer network-centric solution, and then describe the recent advances in network modeling, QoS mapping, and QoS adaptation. The key targets in end-system centric approach are network adaptation and media adaptation. We present a general framework of the end-system centric solution and investigate the recent developments. Specifically, for network adaptation, we review the available bandwidth estimation and efficient video transport protocol; for media adaptation , we describe the advances in error control, power control, and corresponding bit allocation. Finally, we highlight several advanced research directions. 相似文献
87.
The change in polystyrene (PS) layer thickness, which has been simultaneously determined during post-yield deformation, shows
that crazing is the basic mechanism of toughening in all laminated films, and that shear deformation supplements the contribution
of crazing especially for samples with high polyethylene (PE) volume fractions. Crazes formed in PS layers in the laminated
films are slender and regular compared with the short and lenticular crazes formed in bulk PS film. When PE volume fraction
increased, craze advance speed decreased because of the reduction of the stress concentration effect at craze tips. The life-time
of the first mature craze to be formed at a given strain rate increased with PE volume fraction because the PE supporting
the mature crazes could effectively inhibit craze rupture and blunt out the propagating crack by absorbing the stored elastic
energy in the PS layer that would have been dissipated as fracture surface energy. 相似文献
88.
The thick film of Zn-Sb-O was prepared by coating the paste of nanoparticles mixture (Sb2O3:ZnO=1:3) on the alumina substrate, followed by sintering at 500-900 °C for 2 h in air. The electrical resistance and gas-sensing properties to benzene, alcohol and acetone of Zn-Sb-O films were found to be dependent on the change of phase structure caused by sintering temperature. 相似文献
89.
90.
本文提出一种多输入多输出(MIMO)天线系统中简单的扩展空时块编码(SSTBC)分集技术,采用沃尔什码来区分各天线发送数据子流。采用这种方法,在系统带宽一定时,不降低发送信息速率,同时接收机简单。不同天线的发送信息经过了所有收一发天线对之间的空间子信道,获得了所有路径的部分空间分集增益,仿真结果表明,这种增益的获得不受限于接收分集阶数,并且随发射天线的增加以一定的线性关系增加。 相似文献