Porous polymer composite columns having porous structure were prepared by radiation cast-polymerization of hydrophilic monomers at low temperature and their characteristics were studied. The porosity of the polymer increased with decreasing monomer concentration. The elution time of water in the polymer column increased with increasing monomer concentration and with decreasing irradiation temperature. The elution time was dependent on the degree of hydration of the polymer. The polymer with a degree of hydration of 0.2 to 0.4 gave the minimum elution time. The elution time decreased with the addition of porous inorganic substances. 相似文献
Adsorption properties of two types of dimethylpolysiloxane backbone derivatives, perfluoroalkyl polyoxyethylenated dimethylpolysiloxane
(FPD) and polyoxyethylenated dimethylpolysiloxane (PD), onto keratin surfaces were investigated. Both polymers are amphiphilic,
since they possess hydrophilic polyoxyethylene groups. FPD contains a perfluoroalkyl group that provides both water-and oil-repellent
properties, whereas PD lacks these groups. Adsorption properties of these polymers onto keratin surfaces are considered a
good index to evaluate these compounds as nonionics used in hair-coating agents, since keratin is a major component of hair.
FPD was more likely to be adsorbed and less likely to be eliminated from the keratin surface than PD. Once FPD had been adsorbed
onto the keratin surface, it was very slowly washed from the surface when it was immersed in stationary water, whereas PD
polymers were quickly washed from the keratin surface. Even in running water, rapid elimination of FPD was not observed. The
strong resistance to loss of FPD after washing with a large quantity of water may be due to the water-repellent nature of
the perfluoroalkyl groups. As a comparison, FPD adsorption onto a glass surface was also investigated. The affinity to the
glass surface was found to be less than to the keratin surface. 相似文献
The elements added diamond-like carbon films (hydrogen, fluorine, and sulfur) fabricated from C2H2:H2, C2H2:CF4 and C2H2:SF6 mixtures were used to compare and study the effects of element contents on the deposition and tribological properties of films prepared by plasma-based ion implantation (PBII). The structure of the films was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Hardness and elastic modulus of films were measured by nano-indentation hardness testing. Contact angle and surface energy of films were measured by contact angle measurement. Tribological characteristics of films were performed using a ball-on-disk friction tester. The results indicate that with the increasing element contents, the hardness and elastic modulus, and surface energy of all films decreases, while the surface angle tends to increase. Additionally, H-DLC films at C:H flow rate ratio of 1:4 shows a friction coefficient of 0.08 under ambient air, which are considerable improvement in the tribological properties. This is due to the formation of a transfer films on the interface and high hydrogen contents. For F-DLC films and S-DLC films, does not show a significant decrease in the friction coefficient with the fluorine and sulfur contents under ambient air. The decrease in the friction coefficient is greater under high vacuum than under ambient air. 相似文献
We disclose herein an efficient enantioselective conjugate addition reaction between coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids and malonic acid half thioesters (MAHTs). The reaction was catalyzed by N‐heteroarenesulfonyl Cinchona alkaloid amides to afford double‐decarboxylative conjugate addition products in good yield with high enantioselectivity. The reaction of various coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids with MAHTs gave products in high yield with high enantioselectivity.
To improve methanol-oxidation performances of membrane-electrode assemblies composed of a hydrocarbon-based ionomers, the resistances involved in the reaction were decreased. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the proton-conductive resistance (Ri) in the anode was decreased from 0.54 to 0.40 Ω cm2 by increasing a loading ratio of platinum-ruthenium to carbon support of anode catalyst from 54 to 73 wt.%. In addition, Ri was decreased to be 0.25 Ω cm2 by increasing ion-exchange capacity (IEC) of the ionomer from 1.4 to 2.9 mequiv. g−1. Consequently, the polarization resistance of the anode was significantly decreased, in turn, increasing current density of methanol oxidation at the potential of 0.45 V from 0.110 to 0.244 A cm−2. 相似文献