Triage methodology of bridges for infrastructure management: empirical analysis of road networks in municipalities with declining populations and increasing debts

The population of Japan peaked in 2010 and has since entered a depopulation period. On the other hand, there are many bridges that were constructed in the past, especially during the period of high economic growth. Their deteriorating state is becoming increasingly evident. It is expected that maintenance and management costs of the development and maintenance of urban infrastructure for bridges will increase. It is necessary to respond to the ageing of the national land stock. This study verifies urban infrastructure methodology to develop and maintenance using a road network of a municipality whose population actually decreases. This methodology makes use of the basic data held by the municipality such as the population and the length of the road. More specific, the authors propose a methodology for applying the triage to the decision-making processes involving bridges such as road bridges, similar to how it is applied when providing medical care to those with injuries caused by large-scale disasters. The proposed methodology is useful for municipal bridge management strategy and can be applied to other countries around the world that may face decreasing population and/or rising debt in the future.     

Fuzzy modelling of consensus during design conflict resolution

Consensus can be used for working out an agreement during design conflict resolution. This paper introduces an approach for consensus modelling in collaborative and distributed design. Consensus is represented by a formal model based on the fuzzy set theory. Defining a design cluster as a fuzzy evaluation relationship between a group of functional requirements and a group of conjecture regions allows the concept of consensus as a problem of the overlapping of design clusters of different perspectives to be introduced. To measure consensus, two key concepts are suggested: the intraconsensus design coefficient and the interconsensus design coefficient. Using the concept of consensus and its properties, the actors can more easily move towards consensus improvement or towards ideal consensus. From our observation, the result of interactions during collaborative and distributed design shows that a solution is a set of consensual design clusters. The concept of consensus is used (1) to evaluate design solution, (2) to assist the collaborative designing of a group of conjecture regions according to consensual functional requirements and finally (3) to capitalize on and share the know-how of the different actors.     

Control of subjective depth on 3‐D displays by a quantified monocular depth cue

Abstract— This paper considers the architecture and the effectiveness of new algorithms that control the subjective depth on 3‐D displays by modulating the contrast of stereoscopic pictures on the basis of a quantified monocular depth cue. First, a psychophysical experiment to quantify the relationship between contrast and subjective depth was conducted. This experimental result shows that the higher the contrast, the nearer the object will be perceived, corresponding to the qualitative relationship. Second, this result was applied to image‐processing algorithms that expand or contract the subjective depth of stereoscopic pictures. Subjective assessments to verify the effectiveness of the algorithms were also conducted. The results suggest that the algorithms will allow viewers to experience a highly realistic sensation.     

外加横向磁场下Bridgman法生长HgCdTe晶体的实验研究

介绍了自行研制的可以施加横向磁场中的垂直Ｂｒｉｄｇｍａｎ法晶体生长装置，该装置磁场强度可在０－０．６Ｔ范围内连续调节，生长区温度梯度达４０－７０℃／ｃｍ，不同磁场强度下进行了ＨｇＣｄＴｅ晶体生长实验，通过测量分析， 轴赂和径向组分分布的变化与磁场的关系，实验结果表明，由于磁场对熔体中热对流以的作用，尤其是横向磁场怀流甩的相互作用，在一定程度上改变生长界面的形状，从而改善ＨｇＣｄＴｅ晶体径向组分分布     

An XOR‐based parameterization for instruction register files

The instruction register file (IRF) shortens and obfuscates instruction sequences by compressing multiple instructions into a packed instruction. The IRF could improve its efficiency by parameterization, but the previously proposed parameterization techniques did not extract the similarity of instructions well. In this paper, we propose an XOR‐based parameterization to utilize the limited capacity of the IRF more efficiently. According to our evaluation, with an improved algorithm of instruction selection, our approach makes 20.2% more dynamic instructions IRF‐resident than the previous techniques. It also reduces the number of instruction fetches from the cache by 6.3% on average. We also confirmed that the hardware overhead of our parameterization was about a quarter of the previous one. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.