Neurotoxicity of Chronic Co-Exposure of Lead and Ionic Liquid in Common Carp: Synergistic or Antagonistic?

Previous studies have indicated that the harmful heavy metal lead (Pb) contamination in aquatic systems has caused intelligence development disorders and nervous system function abnormalities in juveniles due to the increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered “green” organic solvents that can replace traditional organic solvents. Studies have found the presence of ILs in soil and water due to chemical applications or unintentional leakage. Therefore, what would happen if Pb interacted with ILs in a body of water? Could ILs enable Pb to more easily cross the blood–brain barrier? Therefore, we examined the combined exposure of Pb and ILs in common carp at low concentration (18.3 mg L⁻¹ of Pb(CH₃COO)₂•3 H₂O and 11 mg L⁻¹ of the IL 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride, 5% of their LC₅₀) for 28 days in the present study. The result of a neurobehavioral assay showed that chronic exposure of lead at lower concentrations significantly altered fish movement and neurobehaviors, indicating that lead exposure caused neurotoxicity in the carp. Increases in the neurotransmitter dopamine levels and injuries in the fish brain accounted for neurobehavioral abnormalities induced by lead exposure. Moreover, we also found that lead could easily cross the blood–brain barrier and caused significant bioaccumulation in the brain. Particularly, our study indicated that the ionic liquid could not synergistically promote blood–brain barrier permeability and hence failed to increase the absorption of lead in the fish brain, suggesting that the combined exposure of lead and ILs was not a synergistic effect but antagonism to the neurotoxicity. The results of this study suggested that ILs could recede the Pb induced neurotoxicity in fish.     

乙醇溶液的荧光光谱及其特性的研究

分别从理论和实验上对紫外光激励不同浓度的乙醇溶液所产生的荧光光谱及其特性进行了分析研究。结果表明,在波长为254nm的紫外光激励下,乙醇溶液可以产生较强的荧光,其峰值为395nm,经研究认为该荧光是由乙醇分子中C-OH基团的孤对电子产生的。研究乙醇溶液的荧光光谱及其特性可为其作为有机溶剂对其它物质的荧光光谱进行研究提供参考。     

量子限制效应对限制在多量子阱中受主束缚能的影响

从实验和理论上,研究了量子限制效应对限制在GaAs/AIAs多量子阱中受主对重窄穴束缚能的影响.实验中所用的样品是通过分子束外延技术生长的一系列GaAs/AIAs多量子阱,量子阱宽度从3nm到20nm,并且在量子阱中央进行了浅受主铍(Be)原子的δ掺杂.在4,20,40,80和120K不同温度下,分别对上述系列样品进行了光致发光谱(PL)的测量,清楚地观察到了受主束缚激子从ls3/2(Г6)基态到同种宇称2s3/2(Г6)激发态的两空穴跃迁,并且从实验上测得了在不同量子阱宽度下受主的束缚能.理论上应用量子力学中的变分原理,数值计算了受主对重空穴束缚能随量子阱宽度的变化关系,比较发现理论计算和实验结果符合较好.     

熔石英玻璃激光损伤的三维应力场研究

为了研究CO₂激光损伤后熔石英玻璃内部的三维应力场分布,采用脉冲CO₂激光与熔石英玻璃相互作用的有限元数值模型,计算了脉冲激光停止时熔石英玻璃内部的温度分布,并研究了材料冷却后的内部三维应力分布和表面初始损伤形貌,计算结果与实验结果吻合。以该模型为基础,详细分析了径向和环向应力的三维分布,结果表明,在损伤凹坑附近,径向应力表现为压应力,且在凹坑底部附近取得最大值后,径向应力沿深度方向逐渐转化为拉应力;损伤凹坑附近的环向应力与径向应力相似,均表现为压应力,但压应力沿径向逐渐转化为拉应力,不同深度处的环向应力沿轴向增至最大后逐渐减小。另外,脉冲激光能量的增大导致径向应力与环向应力及其影响范围均有明显增加。研究结果有助于分析激光损伤熔石英玻璃内部的三维应力场,为CO₂激光修复工艺的改进提供了理论依据。     

Modeling of Actively Q-Switched Intracavity Raman Lasers

The normalized space-dependent rate equations are deduced assuming the intracavity photon densities and initial population-inversion density to be of Gaussian spatial distributions in the diode-pumped actively Q-switched intracavity Raman lasers. Numerical calculations are carried out to investigate the influences of these normalized variables on the pulse parameters of the first Stokes. The rate equations under the planewave approximation are also normalized and solved numerically, and the results show the obvious discrepancies from those of the space-dependent theory. The spontaneous Raman scattering factor in rate equations are deduced in detail for the first time, and the oscillating threshold of the first Stokes inside the resonator is deduced analytically. A sample calculation for an actively Q-switched self-Raman laser is presented to demonstrate the use of the curves and related formulas.     

斯托克斯光种子法固体相干反斯托克斯拉曼频移器的理论研究

以波动方程和受激拉曼散射(SRS)物质方程为基础,采用光种子法,建立了固体相干反斯托克斯拉曼频移器的归一化耦合波方程,研究了晶体中反斯托克斯光转换效率。在脉冲抽运条件下分析了归一化增益系数G、归一化相位失配系数ΔK以及一阶斯托克斯光种子的归一化光场振幅ψs0三个变量对固体相干反斯托克斯拉曼频移器的影响,并作出了一系列相应曲线,由所得曲线估算了各归一化变量的合理取值范围。分析结果表明,在ΔK=0时,通过增大sψ0来打破拉曼增益抑制的影响,其转换效率峰值可达到44%。而当sψ0较弱时,可选取合适的相位失配系数,反斯托克斯光转换效率可达40%。     

The correlation between the low-frequency electrical noise of high-power quantum well lasers and devices surface non-radiative current

The low-frequency electrical noise, voltage–current (V–I) and electrical derivative characteristics of 980 nm InGaAsP/InGaAs/GaAlAs high power double quantum well (DQW) lasers are measured at different conditions. The correlation between the low-frequency electrical noise and surface non-radiative current of devices is discussed. The results indicate that the low-frequency electrical noise of 980 nm high power DQW lasers is mainly 1/f noise and has good relation with the devices surface current at low injection.     

桦褐孔菌菌丝体多糖提取工艺优化及其降血糖能力测定

以桦褐孔菌（Inonotus obliquus）菌丝体为试验材料,多糖提取率为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken 响应面法从提取时间、液料比和提取温度3 个因素优化桦褐孔菌菌丝体多糖的提取工艺,并研究粗多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明,桦褐孔菌菌丝体多糖的最佳提取条件为提取温度97 ℃、液料比51 ∶1（mL/g）、提取时间1.9 h、提取3 次,在此条件下多糖提取率为（8.02±0.45）%。体外酶抑制试验表明,桦褐孔菌菌丝体多糖浓度为10 mg/mL 时,对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制率分别为（77.64±1.78）%和（39.20±1.17）%,二者的半抑制浓度（half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50）分别为3.07 mg/mL 和17.20 mg/mL,对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用明显,表明其具有较好的降血糖能力。     

小尾寒羊不同部位挥发性风味物质和脂肪酸分析

为了研究小尾寒羊不同部位挥发性风味物质和脂肪酸组成的差异,并初步评价4个部位脂肪酸的营养价值。对4月龄小尾寒羊后腿、里脊、上脑和羊排4个部位的脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、挥发性风味物质和脂肪酸组成进行了对比分析。结果表明:小尾寒羊主要风味化合物为辛醛、壬醛、辛醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、辛酸和癸酸。里脊部位所含醛类、醇类和酯类化合物种类及相对含量均较高,对羊肉风味形成起主要作用。上脑部位的不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸比值显著高于其他部位,多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸比值大于0.4,单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量均较高。因而上脑部位的脂肪酸组成更符合人体对脂肪酸营养价值的需求。     

不同培养介质中N-二甲基亚硝胺对干酪乳杆菌生长影响

目前研究已证实乳酸菌可降低食品中N-二甲基亚硝胺（NDMA）的含量,减小其对人体消化道的毒性作用。但乳酸菌抑制NDMA毒性作用的同时,NDMA对其生长影响鲜见相关报道。该研究选用具有潜在益生功能的干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）SB27,分析其胃肠液耐受性及黏附性能,并检测不同培养介质中NDMA对干酪乳杆菌SB27生长的影响。结果表明,干酪乳杆菌SB27可耐受胃肠液的消化,具有良好的黏附性能,且在MRS培养基、低氮源MRS培养基和磷酸盐缓冲液中,NDMA对菌株SB27生长均无显著影响。该研究为进一步研究干酪乳杆菌SB27降解NDMA作用奠定了理论基础。